chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WORLD. 121 



extinct form Titanomys. Besides these, remains referred to the 

 South American genera, Cavia (cavy) and Basyprocta (agouti), 

 have been found, the former in the Upper Miocene of Switzer- 

 land, the latter in the Lower Miocene of Auvergne. Palceomys, 

 allied to the West Indian Cap>romys, has been found in the same 

 deposits ; as well as Theridomys, said by Gervais to be allied to 

 Anomalurus and Echim.ys, the former now living in W. Africa, 

 the latter in S. America. 



Edentata. — These are only represented by the Macrotherium 

 and Ancylotherhim of the Grecian deposits, the former occurring 

 also in France and Germany in Upper Miocene strata. 



Marsupials. — These consist of numerous species related to 

 the opossums {Didclphys), but separated by Gervais under the 

 name Peratherium. They occur in both Upper and Lower 

 Miocene beds. 



Upper Miocene Deposits of the Shvalik Hills and other Localities 



in N. W. India. 



These remarkable fresh- water deposits form a range of hills 

 at the foot of the Himalayas, a little south of Simla. They 

 were investigated for many years by Sir P. Cautley and Dr. 

 Falconer, and add greatly to our knowledge of the early fauna 

 of the Old World continent. 



Primates. — Remains of the genera Semnopithecus and Macacus 

 were found, with other forms of intermediate character; and 

 some teeth indicated animals allied to the orang-utan of Borneo, 

 and of similar size. 



Camivora. — These consisted of species of Felis and Machai- 

 rodus of large size ; Hyarna, Canis, Mcllivora, and an allied genus 

 Ursitaxus; Ursus, in the deposits of the Nerbudda valley (of 

 Pliocene age) ; Hymnarctos as large as the cave bear ; Amphicyon 

 of the size of a polar bear (in the deposits of the Indus 

 valley, west of Cashmere) ; Lutra, and an extinct allied genus 

 Enhydrion. 



Ungulata.— These are very numerous, and constitute the most 

 important feature of this ancient fauna. Horses are represented 

 by a species of Equus from the Siwalik Hills and the Trawaddy 



Vol. L— 10 



