chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORLD. 147 



Pampas ; by Auchenia, or llama, of which three extinct species 

 inhabited Bolivia, in which country two allied but extinct 

 genera, Palmolama and Camelotherium, have also been found. 

 Three species of deer (Cervus), from the Pampas deposits, com- 

 plete the list of Pliocene Ungulates. 



Proboscidea. — The cave species of Mastodon is found also in 

 the Pampas deposits, and another in the Andes of Chili and 

 Bolivia. 



Rodents. — These are not so numerous as in the caves. There 

 are species of the existing genera, Kerodon and Cavia (Caviidse) ; 

 Zagostomus (Chinchillidse) ; Ctenomys (Octodontidse) ; Lepus 

 (hare) ; Hesperomys and Oxymycterus (Muridre) ; Arvicola, a 

 genus not living in South America ; and an extinct genus, Car- 

 diodus. There is also a remarkable extinct form, Typotherium, 

 larger than the capybara, and having affinities to Edentates and 

 Ungulates. Three species have been found in the Pampas deposits. 



Edentata. — These are as abundant and remarkable as in the 

 cave deposits. Scelidotherium, Megatherium, Megalonyx, Glosso- 

 therium and Dasypus, have already been noticed as from the 

 Brazilian caves. We have here, in addition, the huge Mylodon 

 allied to the Megatherium, and the allied genera — Gnathopsis 

 and Lestodon. We then come to the huge extinct armadillos, 

 Glyptodon and Schistopleurum, the former consisting of numerous 

 species, some of which were as large as an elephant. Another 

 genus, Eutatus, is allied to the living three-banded armadillos ; 

 and a species of the existing genus Euphractus has been found 

 in Bolivia. 



Toxodontidce. — There remain a number of huge animals 

 rivalling the Megatherium in size, and forming the genera 

 Toxodon and Nesodon, but whose position is doubtful. Several 

 species have been found in the deposits of the Pampas and 

 Patagonia. They are allied at once to Ungulates, Eodents, Eden- 

 tates, and the aquatic Sirenia, in so puzzling a manner that it is 

 impossible to determine to what order they belong, or whether 

 they require a new order to be formed for their reception. Some 

 are believed to date back to the Miocene period, and they 

 indicate what strange forms may still be discovered, should any 



