chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION.. 345 



The Zoological Relations of the Several Islands of the Inch-Malay 



Sub -region. 



Although we have grouped the Philippine islands with the 

 Indo-Malay sub-region, to which, as we shall see, they un- 

 doubtedly belong, yet most of the zoological characteristics we 

 have just sketched out, apply more especially to the other groups 

 of islands and the Malay peninsula. The Philippine islands 

 stand, to Malaya proper, in the same relation that Madagascar 

 does to Africa or the Antilles to South America ; that is, they 

 are remarkable for the absence of whole families and genera 

 which everywhere characterise the remainder of the district. 

 They are, in fact, truly insular, while the other islands are really 

 continental in all the essential features of their natural history. 

 Before, therefore, we can conveniently compare the separate 

 islands of Malaya 1 with each other, we must first deal with the 

 Philippine group, showing in what its speciality consists, and 

 why it must be considered apart from the sub-region to which 

 it belongs. 



Mammals of the Philippine Islands. — The only mammalia re- 

 corded as inhabiting the Philippine Islands are the following : — 



Quadrumana. 1. Macacus cynomolgus. 



2. Cynopithecus niger. Dr. Semper doubts this being 



a Philippine species. 

 Lemuroidea. 3. Tarsius spectrum. 

 Insectivora. 4. Galeopithecus philippinensis. 



5. Tupaia (species). On Dr. Semper's authority. 



Carnivora. 6. Viverra tangalunga. 



7. Paradoxurus philippensis. 

 Ungulata. 8. Sus (species). On Dr. Semper's authority. 



9. Cervus mariannus. 



10. Cervus philippensis. 



11. Cervus alfredi. 



12. Bos (species). "Wild cattle ; perhaps intro- 



duced. 

 Rodentia. 13. Phlseonrys cummingii. 



14. Scuirus philippinensis. 

 Also 24 species, belonging to 17 genera, of bats. 



1 As so many typical Malay groups are absent only from the Philippines, I 

 have adopted the term " Malaya," to show the distribution of these, using 

 the term " Indo-Malaya" when the range of the group includes the 

 Philippines. This must be remembered when consulting the tables of dis- 

 tribution at the end of this chapter. 



Vol. I.— 24. 



