chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 351 



shouid be proved to be erroneous, the main result will remain 

 unaltered. 



Java possesses about 270 species of land birds, of which about 

 40 are peculiar to it. There are, however, very few peculiar 

 genera, Laniellus, a beautiful spotted shrike, being the most 

 distinct, while Cochoa and Psaltria are perhaps not different from 

 their Indian allies. The island has however a marked indivi- 

 duality in two ways — in the absence of characteristic Malayan 

 types, and in the presence of a number of forms not yet found 

 in any of the other Malay islands, but having their nearest allies 

 in various parts of the Indo-Chinese sub-region. The following 

 16 genera are all found in Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo, 

 but are absent from Java: Setomis, Temnurus, Dendrocitta, 

 Corydon, Calyptomena, Venilia, Beinwardtipicus, Color amplms, 

 Bhinortha, Nydiomis, Cranorhinus, Psittinus, Polyplectron, Ar- 

 gusianus, Euplocamus, and Rolhdus. The following 9 are known 

 from two of the above localities, and will very probably be 

 found in the third, but are absent from, and not likely to 

 occur in, Java : Trichixos, Eupetes, Melanochlora, Chaptia, Pity- 

 riasis, Lyncornis, Carpococcyx, Poliococcyx, and Ehinoplax. We 

 have thus 25 typically Malayan genera which are not known 

 to occur in Java. 



The following genera, on the other hand, do not occur in any 

 of the Malayan sub-divisions except Java, and they all occur 

 again, or under closely allied forms, in the Indo-Chinese sub- 

 region : Brachypteryx (allied species in Himalayas) ; Zoothera 

 allied species in Aracan) ; Notodela (allied species in Pegu) ; 

 Pnoepyga (allied species in Himalayas) ; Allotrius (allied species 

 in the Himalayas) ; Cochoa (allied species in the Himalayas) ; 

 Crypsirhina (allied species in Burmah) ; Estrilda (allied species 

 in India) ; Psaltria (allied genus — JZgithaliscus — in Himalayas) ; 

 Pavo muticus and Harpactes oreskios (same species in Siam 

 and Burmah) ; Cecropis striolata (same species in Java and 

 Formosa, and allied species in India). 



Here we have 12 instances of very remarkable distribution, 

 and considering that there are nearly as many birds known from 

 Sumatra and Borneo as from Java, and considerably more from 



