434 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi. 



allied to those of Celebes ; while there are 10 Moluccan species 

 and 2 new species allied to those of the Moluccas. It is curious 

 that no less than 3 Moluccan genera, quite unknown in Celebes 

 itself, occur here, — Monarcha, Pachycephalia, and Criniger; but all 

 these, as well as several other of the Moluccan birds, are rather 

 weak flyers, and such as are likely to have been carried across 

 by strong winds. Of the genera, 23 are from Celebes, 10 from 

 the Moluccas. These facts show, that the Sula islands form part 

 of the Celebes group, although they have received an infusion of 

 Moluccan forms, which will perhaps in time spread to the main 

 island, and diminish the remarkable individuality that now cha- 

 racterises its fauna. 



Insects. — Of the reptiles and fishes of Celebes we have not 

 sufficient information to draw any satisfactory conclusions. I 

 therefore pass to the insects of which something more is 

 known. 



The Butterflies of Celebes are not very numerous, less than 

 200 species in all having been collected ; but a very large pro- 

 portion of them, probably three-fourths of the whole, are peculiar. 

 There is only one peculiar genus, Amcchania, allied to Zethera (a 

 group confined to the Philippine Islands), with which it should 

 perhaps be united. Most of the genera are of wide distribution 

 in the archipelago, or are especially Malayan, only two truly 

 Australian genera, Elodina and Acropthalmia, reaching Celebes. 

 On the other hand, 7 peculiar Oriental genera are found in Celebes, 

 but not further east, viz., Clerome, Adolias, Euripus, Apatura, 

 Limenitis, lolaus, and Leptocircus. There are also several indi- 

 cations of a direct affinity with the continent rather than with 

 Malaya, as in the cases already enumerated among birds. A 

 fine butterfly, yet unnamed, almost exactly resembles Dichorra- 

 gia ncsimachus, a Himalayan species. Euripus rdbustus is closely 

 allied to E. halitherses of N. India ; there are no less than o species 

 of Limenitis, all quite unlike those found in other parts of the 

 archipelago. The butterflies of Celebes are remarkably distin- 

 guished from all others in the East, by peculiarities of form, size, 

 and colour, which run through groups of species belonging to 

 different genera. Many Papilionidse and Pieridoe, and some 



