chap, xiil] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION. 435 



Nymphalidse, have the anterior wings elongated, with the apex 

 often acute, and, what is especially remarkable, an abrupt bend 

 or shoulder near the base of the wing. (See Malay Archipelago, 

 3rd Ed. p. 281, woodcut.) No less than 13 species of Papilio, 10 

 Pieridse, and 4 or 5 Nymphalidse, are thus distinguished from 

 their nearest allies in the surrounding islands or in India. In 

 size again, a large number of Celebesian butterflies stand pre- 

 eminent over their allies. The fine Papilios — adamantius, hlumei, 

 and gigon — are perfect giants by the side of the closely-allied 

 forms of Java ; while P. androcles is the largest and longest-tailed, 

 of all the true swallow-tailed group of the Old World. Among 

 Nymphalidse, the species of Ehinopalpa and Euripus, peculiar to 

 Celebes, are immensely larger than their nearest allies ; and 

 several of the Pieridse are also decidedly larger, though in a less 

 marked degree. In colour, many of the Celebesian butterflies differ 

 from the nearest allied species ; so that they acquire a singu- 

 larity of aspect which marks them off from the rest of the group. 

 The most curious case is that of three butterflies, belonging 

 to three distinct genera (Ccthosia myrina, Messaras mceonides, 

 and Atella celebensis) all having a delicate violet or lilac gloss in 

 lines or patches, which is wholly wanting in every allied species 

 of the surrounding islands. These numerous peculiarities of 

 Celebesian butterflies are very extraordinary ; and imply isolation 

 from surrounding lands, almost as much as do the strange forms 

 of mammals and birds, which more prominently characterise this 

 interesting island. 



Of the Coleoptera we know much less, but a few interesting 

 facts may be noted. There are a number of fine species of 

 Cicindela, some of peculiar forms ; and one Odontochila, a South 

 American genus; while Collyris reaches Celebes from the 

 Oriental region. In Carabidse it has one peculiar genus, Dicra- 

 speda ; and a species of the fine Australian genus Catadromus. 

 In Lucanidae it has the Oriental genus, Odontolabris. In Ceton- 

 iidae it has a peculiar genus, Sternoplus, and several fine Cetonice; 

 but the characteristic Malayan genus, Zomaptera, found in every 

 other island of the archipelago from Sumatra to New Guinea, 

 is absent — an analogous fact to the case of Ceyx among birds. 



