436 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi. 



In Buprestidae, the principal Austro-Malay genus, Sambus, is 

 found here ; while Sponsor, a genus 8 species of which inhabit 

 Mauritius, has one species here and one in New Guinea. In 

 Longicorns there are four peculiar genera, Comusia, Pytholia, 

 Bityle, and Ombrosaga ; but the most important features are the 

 occurrence of the otherwise purely Indo-Malayan genera Age- 

 lasta, Nyctimene, and Astathes ; and of the purely Austro- 

 Malay an Arrhenotus, Trysimia, Xenolea, Amblymora, Diallus, 

 and JEgocidnus. The remaining genera range over both portions 

 of the archipelago. In the extensive family of Curculionidse 

 we can only notice the elegant genus, Celebia, allied to Eupho- 

 lus, which, owing to its abundance and beauty, is a conspicuous 

 feature in the entomology of the island. 



Origin of the fauna of Celebes. — We have now to consider, 

 briefly, what past changes of physical geography are indicated 

 by the curious assemblage of facts here adduced. We have 

 evidently, in Celebes, a remnant of an exceedingly ancient land, 

 which has undergone many and varied revolutions; and the 

 stock of ancient forms which it contains must be taken account 

 of, when we speculate on the causes that have so curiously 

 limited more recent immigrations. Going back to the arrival 

 of those genera which are represented in Celebes by peculiar 

 species, and taking first the Austro-Malay genera, we find 

 among them such groups as Zoncenas (s.g.), Phlogcenas, Leuco- 

 treron (s.g.), and Turaccena, which are not found in the Moluccas 

 at all ; and Myzomela, found in Timor and Banda, but not in 

 Ceram or Bourn, which are nearest to Celebes. This, combined 

 with the curious absence of so many of the commonest Moluccan 

 genera, leads to the conclusion that the Austro-Malay immigra- • 

 tion took place by way of Timor and the southern part of New 

 Guinea. It will be remembered, that to account for the Indo- 

 Malayan forms in New Guinea, we suggested an extension of 

 that country in a westerly direction just north of Timor. Now 

 this is exactly what we require, to account for the stocking 

 of Celebes with the Australian forms it possesses. At this time 

 Borneo, did not approach so near, and it was at a somewhat later 

 period that the last great Indo-Malay migration set in; but 



