490 



INDEX. 



Animals, rapid multiplication of, 10 

 Anisacodon, N. American Tertiary, 137 

 Anoa of Celebes, peculiarities of, 428 

 Anoplotheriidce, European Miocene, 119 

 Anoplotherium, European Miocene, 1 19 

 European Eocene, 126 

 S. American Eocene, 148 

 Anseres, arrangement of, 98 



peculiar Palasarctic genera, 250 

 peculiar Ethiopian genera of, 313 

 peculiar Australian genera of, 487 

 Antelopes in the Indian Miocene deposits, 122 

 birthplace and migrations of, 155 

 Paliearctic, 182 

 Antelotherhim, Indian Miocene, 122 

 Anthracothcrid.ee, N. American Tertiary, 137 

 Anthraeotherium, European Miocene, 119 

 Antiacodon, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Antilles, Pliocene Mammalia of, 148 

 Antilope, Post-Pliocene, 112 



in Brazilian caves, 144 

 Antiquity of the genera of insects, 166 



of the genera of land and freshwater 

 shells, 168 

 Aphanapteryx of Mauritius, 164 

 Aphelotherium, European Eocene, 125 

 Aquila, European Miocene, 161 

 Archcenpteryx, Bavarian Oolite, 163 

 Arctic zone not a separate region, 68 

 Arctocyon, European Eocene, 125 

 Arctodus, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 

 Arctomys, European Pliocene, 113 

 Arctotherium in Brazilian caves, 144 



S. American Pliocene, 146 

 Argus pheasant, figure of, 339 



peculiarity in display of plumage, and 

 confirmation of Mr. Darwin's views, 

 340 

 Artiodactyla, European Eocene, 126 

 N. American Tertiary, 137 

 S. American Pliocene, 146 

 Arvicola, European Pliocene, 113 

 in Brazilian caves, 145 

 S. American Pliocene, 147 

 S. American Eocene, 148 

 Auchena, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 

 Auckland Islands, birds of, 455 

 Australia, physical features of, 387 

 Australia and S. America, supposed land con- 

 nection between, 398 

 Australian region, description of, 387 

 zoological characteristics of, 390 

 mammalia of, 390 

 birds of, 391 

 reptiles of, 396 

 amphibia of, 397 

 fresh-water fish of, 397 

 summary of vertebrata of, 397 

 supposed land-connection of with 8. Ame- 

 rica, 398 

 insects of, 403 

 lepidoptera of, 404 

 coleoptera of, 405 

 land shells of, 407 

 sub-regions of, 408 

 early history of, 465 

 Australian sub-region, mammalia of, 438 

 illustration of mammalia of, 439 

 birds of, 440 



illustration of fauna of, 441 

 Austro- Malayan sub-region, physical features 

 of, 388 

 zoology of, 409 

 Aye-aye, figure of, 278 

 Azores, visited by European birds, 17 

 birds of, 207 



Azores, butterflies of, 207 

 beetles of, 207, 209 

 peculiarly modified birds of, 207 

 stragglers to, 208 

 how stocked with animal life, 208 



B 



Babirusa of Celebes, peculiarities of, 42b 



Badger, figure of, 195 



Balaam, European Pliocene, 112 



Balwnodon, European Pliocene, 112 



Baly, Mr, on Phytophaga of Japan, 230 



Banca, its peculiar species and solution of a 



problem in distribution, 356 

 Barriers, as affecting distribution, 6 



permanence of, as affecting distribution, 7 

 to the dispersal of birds, 17 

 Bates, Mr., on Carabidaeof Japan, 228 



on Longicorns of Japan, 230 

 Bathmodon, N. American Tertiary, 13€ 

 Bathrodon, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Batrachia, Tertiary, 165 

 Bats, powers of flight of, 15 

 classification of, 87 

 of New Zealand, 450 

 Bears, probable cause of absence of, from 



tropical Africa, 291 

 Beaver, N. American Tertiary, 140 

 Beetles, families selected for study, 103 

 from the Lias, 167 

 of Azores, 207 

 of Japan, 228 

 Belemnoziphius, European Pliocene, 112 

 Belt, Mr. , his theory of a great Siberian lake 

 during the glacial epoch, 218 

 on change of climate caused by diminu- 

 tion of obliquity of ecliptic, 466 

 Birds, means of dispersal of, 15 

 dispersal of by winds, 16 

 American, found in Europe, 16 

 reaching the Azores, 17 

 barriers to dispersal of, 17 

 limited by forests, 17 

 classification of, 93 

 Miocene of Greece, 116 

 extinct, 160 



fossil of Palrearetic region, 161 

 European of Miocene period, 161 

 Eocene of Europe, 162 

 relations of, 162 

 extinct of North America, 163 

 recently extinct in New Zealand, 164 

 Cretaceous of N. America, 164 

 remains of in Brazilian caves, 164 

 recently extinct in Madagascar and the 



Mascarene Islands, 164 

 cosmopolitan groups of, 176 

 numerous genera, Palaearetic, 1S3 

 of the European sub-region, 193 

 northern range of in Europe, 193 

 of the zone of pine forests, 194 

 of Iceland, 198 



of the Mediterranean sub-region, 203 

 of Malta, 206 (note) 

 of Azores, 207 



of the Cape Verd Islands, 215 

 of Siberian sub-region, 219 

 Oriental found in Siberia, 219 

 extreme northern Asiatic, 219 

 of northern Asiatic forests, 220 

 of the Manchurian sub-region, 223 

 Pal^arctic genera of, in the Manchurian 

 sub-region, 224 



