INDEX. 



497 



Leptosomus, allied form in European Eocene,168 

 Leptosomus of Madagascar, 27S 



figure of, 279 

 Leptothcrium, in Brazilian caves, 144 

 Lepus, in Brazilian caves, 145 



S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Lestodon, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Lewis, Mr. George, his collection of Japan 



insects, 228 

 Lebellula, from the Lias, 167 

 Lilljeborg, Professor, on classification of the 



Rodentia, 90 

 Limnwa, Eocene, 169 



European Secondary, 169 

 Limnatornis, European Miocene, 161 

 Limnoctjon, N. American Tertiary, 134 

 Limnohyus, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Limnotneridce, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Limnolherivm, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Listriodon, European Miocene, 119 

 Lithomys, European Miocene. 120 

 Lithornis, European Eocene, 163 

 Lizards, classification of, 99 



Tertiary, 165 



wide range of a species in Polynesia, 448 

 Loncheres, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Lonchophorus, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Lophiodon, European Eocene, 125 



N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Lophiotherium, N. American Tertiary, 136 . 

 Lord Howe's Island, birds of, 453 

 Loxomylus, Pliocene of Antilles, 148 

 Lund, Dr., his researches in caves of Brazil, 143 

 Lutra, European Miocene, 118 



Indian Miocene, 121 

 Lyccena, Miocene of Greece, 115 

 Lyrebird, figure of, 441 



M. 



Macacus, European Pliocene, 112 



Miocene of Greece, 115 



Indian Miocene, 121 



supposed in European Eocene, 125 

 Machairodus, 110, 111 



Miocene of Greece, 115 



European Miocene, 118 



Indian Miocene, 121 



N. American Tertiary, 134 



in Brazilian caves, 144 



S. American Pliocene, 146 

 Macranchenia, S. American Pliocene, 146 

 Macrotherium, Miocene of Greece, 116 



European Miocene, 121 

 Madagascar, extinct birds of, 164 



description of, 272 



mammalia of, 272 



birds of, 274 



reptiles of, 279 



amphibia of, 280 



extinct fauna of, 282 



general remarks on insect fauna of, 284 

 Madeira, birds of, 20S 



land shells of, 208 



beetles of, 210 



wingless insects numerous in, 211 



how stocked with animals, 213 

 Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo, zoological 

 unity of, 353 



comparison of mammalia, 354 



of birds, 355 

 Malagasy sub-region, description of, 272 



mammalia of, 272 



birds of, 274 



illustration of zoology of, 278 



Malagasy sub-region, reptiles of, 279 

 amphibia of, 280 

 extinct fauna of, 2S2, 289 

 insects of, 282 

 early history of, 2S6 

 Malaya and Indo-Malaya, terms defined, 345 



(note) 

 Malavan forms of life reappearing in West 

 " Africa, 263 



fauna, probable origin of, 359 

 resemblances to that of Madagascar and 



Ceylon explained, 361 

 Malta, Post-Pliocene fauna of, 114 

 formerly joined to Africa, 201 

 fossil elephants of, 201 

 birds of, 206 (note) 

 Mammalia, means of dispersal of, 10 

 as limited by climate, 11 

 as limited by rivers, 12 

 how far limited by the sea, 13 

 dispersed by ice-floes and drift-wood, 14 

 means of dispersal of aquatic, 15 

 of most importance in determining zoo- 

 logical regions, 57 

 classification of, 85 

 birthplace and migrations of some families 



of, 142, 153 

 cosmopolitan groups of, 176 

 of the Palsearetic region, 181 

 of the European sub-region, 192 

 of the Mediterranean sub-region, 202 

 of the Siberian sub-region, 217 

 characteristic of Western Tartary, 218 

 of the Manchurian sub-region, 222 

 Pal»arctio genera of, in the Manchurian 



sub-region, 222 

 Oriental genera of, on borders of same 



sub-region. 223 

 peculiar to Japan, 223 

 characteristic of N. W. China and Mongolia, 



226 

 table of Palaearetic families of, 234 

 range of Pal*arctic genera of, 239 

 of the Ethiopian region, 253 

 absence of certain important groups, 253 

 of the East African sub-region, 260 

 of West Africa, 262 

 of S. Africa, 267 

 of Madagascar, 272 

 table of Ethiopian families of, 294 

 table of Ethiopian genera of, 300 

 of the Oriental region, 315 

 range of the genera inhabiting the Indian 



sub-region, 322 

 of Ceylon, 327 



of the Indo-Chinese sub-region, 330 

 of the Indo-Malayan sub-region, 336 

 illustration of characteristic Malayan, 



336 

 of the Philippine Islands, 345 

 table of Oriental families of, 365 

 table of Oriental genera of, 371 

 of Australian region, 390 

 of the Papuan Islands, 410 

 of the Moluccas, 417 

 of Timor group, 422 

 of Celebes, 427 

 of Australia, 439 

 illustration of, 439 

 of New Zealand, 450 

 table of families of Australian, 470 

 table of genera of Australian, 475 

 Mammal, the most ancient American, 134 

 Mammalia, extinct, of Old World, 107 

 extinct, of historic period, 110 

 extinct, comparative age of in Europe, 127 



