INDEX. 



499 



Nannhyus, N. American Tertiary, 137 

 Nos-ua, in Brazilian caves, 144 

 Nearctic region, denned, 79 



subdivisions of, 80 



distinct from Pal*arctie, 79 

 Necrornis, European Miocene, 161 

 Neotropical region, denned, 78 



subdivisions of, 78 



relations of W. African sub-region with, 265 

 Kesodon, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Newton, Professor, on position of Menuridce 

 and Atrickiidce, 95 



on birds of Iceland, 198 

 New Caledonia, birds of, 444 

 New Guinea, zoology of, 409 



mammalia of, 410 



birds of, 411 



peculiarities of its ornithology, 413 



illustration of ornithology of, 414 



reptiles ar.d amphibia of, 415 



insects of, 416 

 New Zealand, objections to making a primary 

 zoological region, 62 



extinct birds of, 164 



sub-region, description of, 449 



compared with British Isles, 449 



mammalia of, 451 



islets of, 453 



illustration of ornithology of, 455 



reptiles of, 456 



amphibia of, 457 



fresh-water fish of, 457 



insects of, 458 



Longicorns of, 458 



Myriapoda of, 458 



land-shells of, 459 



ancient fauna of, 460 



origin of fauna of, 460 



poverty of insects in, 462 



relations of insect-fauna and flora, 472 

 Nicobar Islands, their zoological relations, 332 

 Nightingale, migration of the, 21 

 Norfolk Island, birds of, 453 

 North America, remarks on Post-Pliocene 

 fauna of, 130 



Post-Pliocene fauna of, partly derived from 

 S. America, 131 



extinct birds of, 163 

 North Africa, zoological relations of, 202 

 Notharctos, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Notornis of New Zealand, 455 

 Nototherium, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157 



O. 



Ochotherivm, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Octodontidce, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Ophidia, classification of, 99 

 Opisthocomus, Brazilian caves, 164 

 Opossum, extinct, in European Miocene, 121 

 Oreodon, N. American Tertiary, 138 

 Oreodontidce, N. American Tertiary, 138 

 Oriental region, defined, 75 



subdivisions of, 75 



description of, 314 



zoological features of, 315 



mammalia of, 315 



birds of, 316 



reptiles of, 317 



amphibia of, 317 



fresh-water fishes of, 318 



summary of vertebrata, 31S 



insects of, 318 



sub-regions of, 321 



Oriental region, concluding remarks on, 362 

 tables of distribution of animals of, 364 

 Oriental relations of VV. African sub-region, 265 

 Oriental and Patearctic faunas once identical, 



362 

 Oriental and Ethiopian faunas, cause of their 



resemblances, 363 

 Orohippus, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Ostrich, Miocene of N. India, 162 

 Otaria, European Miocene, 118 

 Ovibos, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 

 Oxen, birthplace and migrations of, 155 



Palwarctie, 182 

 Oxya-na, N. American Tertiary, 134 

 Oxygomphits, European Miocene, 118 

 Oxymycterus, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 S. American Pliocene, 147 



Pachyana, N. American Tertiary, 134 

 Pachynolophus, European Eocene, 126 

 Pachytherium, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Palaearctic region, defined, 71 



subdivisions of, 71 



general features of, 180 



zoological characteristics of, 181 



has few peculiar families, 181 



mammalia of, 181 



birds of, 182 



high degree of speciality of, 184 



reptiles and amphibia of, 186 



fresh-water fish of, 186 



summary of vertebrata of, 186 



insects of, 186 



coleoptera of, 187 



number of coleoptera of, 189 



land-shells of, 190 



sub-regions of, 190 



general conclusions on the fauna of, 231 



tables of distribution of animals of, 233 

 Palceacodcn, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Palceetus, European Miocene, 162 

 Palceyithalus, European Eocene, 162 

 Palwtodus, European Miocene, 162 

 Paheocastor, N. American Tertiary, 140 

 Palceocercv.s, European Miocene, 162 

 Palceochanis, European Miocene, 119 

 Polwohierax, European Miocene, 162 

 Palceolagus, N. American Tertiary, 140 

 Palceolama,$. American Pliocene, 147 

 Palceomephitis, European Miocene, 118 

 Palceovieryx, European Miocene, 120 

 Pc.l&omys, European Miocene, 121 

 PalcBontina oolitica, Oolitic insect, 167 

 Palaeontology, 107 



how best studied in its bearing on geo- 

 graphical distribution, 168 



as an introduction to the study of geo- 

 graphical distribution, concluding re- 

 marks on, 169 

 Palmonyctis, European Eocene, 12S 

 Palceoperdix, European Miocene, 161 

 Palmoyforymis, European Miocene, 166 

 Palaoreas, Miocene of Greece, 116 

 Palcrortyx, European Miocene, 161 

 Palceoryx, Miocene of Greece, 116 

 Palceospalax, 111 



European Miocene, 117 

 PaUrosyops, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Palceotheridc", European Eocene, 125 

 Palceotherium, European Eocene, 125 



S. American Eocene, 148 

 Palaeotragus, Miocene of Greece, 116 

 Palceotringa, N. American Cretaceous, 164 



