CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 43 



Lepidoptera. — The butterflies of the South Temperate Sub- 

 region are not numerous, only about 29 genera and 80 species 

 being recorded. Most of these are from Chili, which is suffi- 

 ciently accounted for by the general absence of wood on the 

 east side of the Andes from Buenos Ayres to South Patagonia. 

 The families represented are as follows: Satyridae, with 11 

 genera and 27 species, are the most abundant; Nymphalidse, 

 2 genera and 8 species ; Lemoniidse, 1 genus, 1 species ; Lycse- 

 nidai, 3 genera, 8 species ; Pieridae, 6 genera, 14 species ; Papi- 

 lionidae, 2 genera, 8 species ; Hesperidse, 4 genera, 13 species. 

 One genus of Satyridae {Elina) and 2 of Pieridae (Eroessa and 

 PJmlia) are peculiar to Chili. The following are the genera 

 whose derivation must be traced to the north temperate zone : — 

 Tetraphlyhia, Neosatyrus, and 3 allied genera of 1 species each, 

 were formerly included under Erebia, a northern and arctic form, 

 yet having a few species in South Africa ; Argyrophorus, allied 

 to ^neis, a northern genus ; Hipparchia, a northern genus yet 

 having a species in Brazil ; — all Satyridae. The Nymphalidae are 

 represented by the typical north temperate genus Argynnis, with 

 7 species in Chili ; Colzas, among the Pieridae, is usually con- 

 sidered to be a northern genus, but it possesses representatives 

 in South Africa, the Sandwich Islands, Malabar, New Grenada, 

 and Peru, as well as Chili, and must rather be classed as 

 cosmopolitan. These form a sufficiently remarkable group of 

 northern forms, but they are accompanied by others of a wholly 

 Neotropical origin. Such are Stibomorpha with 6 species, rang- 

 ing through South America to Guatemala, and Eteona, common 

 to Chili and Brazil (Satyridae) ; Apodemia (Lemoniidae) confined 

 to Tropical America and Chili. Hesperocharis and Callidryas 

 (Pieridae), both tropical ; and Thracides (Hesperidae) confined to 

 Tropical America and Chili. Other genera are widely scattered; 

 as, EpinepMle found also in Mexico and Australia ; Cupido, 

 widely spread in the tropics ; Euryades, found only in La Plata 

 and Paraguay, allied to South American forms of Papilio, to the 

 Australian Eurycus, and the northern Parnassius ; and Heterop- 

 terus, scattered in Chili, North America, and Tropical Africa. We 

 find then, among butterflies, a large north-temperate element, 



