56 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi. 



South American genera being found here. There are also a few 

 peculiar genera, a,s,Drucina (Satyridse); Microtia (Nymphalidse) ; 

 Eumccus (Lycsenidse) ; and Eucheira (Pieridae) . Clothilda 

 (Nymphalidse) is confined to this sub-region and the Antilles. 

 The majority of the genera range over the whole sub-region 

 from Panama to Mexico, but there are a considerable number, 

 comprising many of the most characteristic South American 

 forms, which do not pass north of Costa Rica or Nicaragua. Such 

 are Lycorea, Ituna, Thyridia, Callithomia, Oleria and Ceratina, 

 — all characteristic South American groups of Danaidse ; Prono- 

 phila and Dynastor (Satyridse) ; Protogonius, Pycina, Prcpona, 

 Nica, Ectima and Colmnis (Nymphalidse) ; Euryhia and Mctho- 

 nella (Nemeobiidse) ; Hades, and Panthemos (Erycinidse). 



Colcoptera. — These present some interesting features, but 

 owing to their vast number only a few of the more important 

 families can be noticed. 



Cicindelidse. — The only specially Neotropical genera recorded 

 as occurring in this sub-region, are Ctenostoma and Hiresia, both 

 reaching Mexico. 



Carabidse. — Several genera are peculiar. Molohrus is found 

 in all parts of the sub-region, while Onychopterygia, Phymato- 

 cephalus, and Anisotarsus are Mexican only. There are about 20 

 South American genera, most of which extend to Mexico, and 

 include such characteristic Neotropical forms as Agra, Callida, 

 Coptodera, Pachyteles, Ardistomus, Aspidoglossa, Stenocrepis, and 

 Pelecium. 



Lucanidse. — Of this important family there is, strange to say, 

 not a single species recorded in Gemminger and Harold's cata- 

 logue up to 1868 ! It is almost impossible that they can be 

 really absent ; yet their place seems to be, to some extent, 

 supplied by an unusual development of the allied Passalidse, of 

 which there are five South American and six peculiar genera. 



Cetoniidse. — All the larger South American genera extend to 

 Mexico, which country possesses 3 peculiar forms, Ischnoscelis, 

 Psilocnemis, and Dialithus; while Trigonopeltastes is character- 

 istic, having 4 Mexican, 1 Brazilian, and 1 North American 

 species. 



