138 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [part hi. 



shores of Lake Superior ; 177 being Geodephaga and 39 

 Longicorns. 



Greenland. — This great arctic island must be considered as 

 belonging to the Nearctic region, sJJice of its six land mammals, 

 three are exclusively American (Myodes torquatus, Lepus glacialis, 

 and Ovibos moschatus), while the other three (Vulpes lagopus, 

 Ursus maritimus, and Bangifer tarandus) are circumpolar. Only 

 fourteen land-birds are either resident in, or regular migrants to 

 the country ; and of these two are European [Haliceetus albicilla, 

 and Falco peregrinus), while three are American (Anthus ludovi- 

 cianus, Zonotrichia leucophrys, and Lagopus rupestris), the rest 

 being arctic species common to both continents. The waders 

 and aquatics (49 in number) are nearly equally divided between 

 both continents; but the land-birds which visit Greenland as 

 stragglers are mostly American. Yet although the Nearctic 

 element somewhat preponderates, Greenland really belongs to 

 that circumpolar debateable land, which is common to the two 

 North Temperate regions. 



Concluding remarks. — ^We have already discussed pretty fully, 

 though somewhat incidentally, the status and relations of the 

 Nearctic region ; first in our chapter on Zoological regions, then 

 in our review of extinct faunas, and lastly in the earlier part of 

 this chapter. It will not therefore be necessary to go further 

 into the question here ; but we shall, in our next chapter, give 

 a bri^f summary of the general conclusions we have reached as 

 to the past history and mutual zoological relations of all the 

 great divisions of the earth. 



