CHAP. XVIIl.] 



BIRDS. 



267 



The Phyllornithidae, or " Green Bulbuls," are a small group of 

 fruit-eating birds, strictly confined to the Oriental region, and 

 ranging over the whole of it, with the one exception of the Philip- 

 pine Islands. The genera are : — 



^1022^ Phyllornis (12 sp.), India to Java, Ceylon, and Hainan ; 

 ^1166^ /ora (4 sp.), the whole Oriental region ; Q^^^) Erpornis (2 

 sp,), Himalayas, Hainan, Formosa, and Borneo. 



Family 13.— PYCNONOTID^. (9 Genera, 139 Species.) 



General Distribution. 



Neotropical Nearctic Pal^arctic Ethiopian Oriental Aostraliah 

 Sub-regions. Sub-regions. Sub-regions. Sub-regions. Sub-regions. Sub-regions. 



2 — 4 1.2.3.4 1 .2.3.4 



1 



The Pycnonotidae, Bulbuls, or fruit-thrushes, are highly charac- 

 teristic of the Oriental region, in every part of which they abound; 

 less plentiful in the Ethiopian region, and extending to Palestine 

 and Japan in the Pala^arctic, and to the Moluccas in the Aus- 

 tralian region, but absent from the intervening island of Celebes. 

 The genera are : — 



Microscelis (6 sp.), Burmah, the Indo-Malay Islands, and 

 Japan ; Pycnonotiis (52 sp., in many sub-genera), Palestine to 

 South Africa, the whole Oriental region, China and Japan ; 

 Alcurus (1 sp,), Himalayas ; Hcmixus (2 sp.), Nepal, Bootan, 

 Hainan ; Phyllastrephus (4 sp.), West and South Africa ; Hypsi- 

 petes (20 sp.), the whole Oriental region, Madagascar and the 

 Mascarene Islands ; Tylas (1 sp.), Madagascar ; Criniger (30 sp.), 

 the whole Oriental region (excluding Philippines), "West and 

 South Africa, Moluccas ; Ixonotits (7 sp.). West Africa ; (^^^^ '^^^'^) 

 Setornis (3 sp.), Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo; lole (4 sp.), 

 Aracan and Malaya; Andropadiis (9 sp.). Tropical Africa ; ("") 

 Lioptilus (1 sp.). South Africa. 



