IV. MAMMALIA. 23 



The Monkeys of America are distinguished from those 

 of the Old World by their having broad noses and widely separated 

 nostrils. They are all of small size, and are niostly natives of 

 Brazil. They are represented by: — 



The Howling Monkeys (Mycetes seniculusj , the males of which 

 have a most extraordinary cry. 



The Spider Monkeys (AteUs), with long slender hmbs. 



The Marmoset (Hapale jacchus), and the Pigmy Marmoset 



(H. pygmcea), which are great favourites, being of grotesque 

 appearance and easily tamed. 



The LEMURS form the lowest family of Quadrumana. They 

 have very long hind limbs, and bushy tails. They habitually use all 

 four feet in locomotion like the lower groups of Monkeys, 

 They are agile climbers, and are able to grasp firmly with the 

 hind foot, but the tail is not usually prehensile. The form of 

 the skull and the simpler structure of the brain indicate a lower 

 grade than the Monkeys. A remarkable peculiarity is the 

 presence of a fringe or frill situated on the floor of the mouth 

 in front of the tongue. The head-quarters of the Lemurs is 

 the island of Madagascar ; but members of the family are to be 

 found also on the continent of Africa and in some of the islands 

 of the East-Indian Archipelago. Some species chiefly subsist on 

 fruits, but many are insect-eating and others prey upon small birds 

 and eggs. The largest is only about three feet high (Indris). The 

 most remarkable is the Aye Aye (Chiromys madagascariensis) from 

 Madagascar, The middle finger of its fore-foot is long and slender, 

 and is used for extracting worms and caterpillars from their holes 

 in the branches of trees, and its front teeth are very sharp for 

 gnawing the stems of plants. Other specimens are the Black- 

 faced Lemur and the Anguan Lemur from Madagascar ; and 

 Galago demidoffi and G. galleni from Africa. 



Order III.— OARNIVORA.— This order comprises the 

 flesh-eating animals, or beasts of prey. It includes Lions, Tigers, 

 Cats, Dogs, &c., on the land, and Seals, Walruses, &c., in the 

 water. They have well developed teeth, and four or more claws 

 on each foot. 



