IV. — MAMMALIA. 33. 



from the true Pigs, and are much smaller. Specimens exhibited 

 are : — 



The Wild Boar— (^S'ws scrofa) of Europe. 



The Wild Pig— (*S'r(sp(729z<ews2s) of New Guinea. 



The Collared Peccary- (i>^co«y?es tajaru) from S. America. 



The Hippopotamus— (i^. amphihius) a native of Africa, where 

 it is called the River Horse. Its teeth are very powerful, 

 especially the canines, which have sharp chisel like edges. A 

 skeleton may be seen in the Osteological Hall. 



THE RUiVIINANTS are the most important of all to man, 

 as the majority of our domestic and food-supplying animals 

 belong to this group. They are distinguished by their complicated 

 stomachs. They have, as a rule, no front teeth in the upper 

 jaw. The stomach of a ruminant consists of four parts, some- 

 times called separate stomachs. The first receives the food direct 

 from the mouth, moistens it with certain fluids, and passes it 

 on to the second stomach ; this is a small bag which rolls the 

 food in balls and returns it to the mouth ; it is then leisurely 

 chewed and mixed with the saliva — a process known as "chew- 

 ing the cud " — and once more swallowed, this time passing into 

 the third stomach ; here the proper digestive processes are con- 

 tinued, and finally the food is passed on to the fourth stomach, 

 whence it goes into the intestines. The ruminants include Camels, 

 Oxen, Sheep, Goats, Deer, etc. 



Section II. — Tylopoda. The Camels are found in Central 

 Asia and North-eastern Africa. They have long necks, very broad 

 and flat feet, humps* on the back, and a more than usually compli- 

 cated stomach. They are invaluable as beasts of burden in sandy 

 countries within or near the tropics, and have been introduced 

 into Australia for that purpose, but they are often ill-tempered 

 and not easily managed. Allied to the Camels are the Llamas 

 of South America. There is a skeleton of a Bactrian Camel 

 {Camelus hactrianus), from the Himalayas, in the Entrance Hall, 

 and a mounted Llama {Lama peruana)^ temporarily in a case in 

 the "Old Wing." 



* The True Camel or Dromedarj' has one hump, the Bactrian Camel two. 



