CH.IV GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY OF NERVOUS SYSTEM 179 



Cajal's observations found general support and were repeated 

 and confirmed by Kolliker, Lenhossek, and van Gehuchten with 

 Golgi's method; by Retzius, Biedermann, and others with 

 Ehrlich's method (intra vitam staining with methylene blue). 



Waldeyer gave the name of neurone (from vtvpov, point of 

 contact of many nerve threads) to the elementary units of 

 which the nervous system is built up, which term found great 

 favour with the neurologists, and contributed not a little to 



FIG. 110. Phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of neurones with long axons from pyramidal 

 cells of cerebral cortex. (Ramon y Cajal.) The upper series represents the phylogenetic 

 development of these cells : A, in frog ; B, newt ; C, rat; Z), man. The lower series shows the 



cells of cerebral cortex. (Ramon y Cajal 

 development of these cells : .4, in frog ; B, n 

 ontogenetic development of the neuroblasts of those cells in five successive phases, a, b, c, d, e. 



popularise the " neurone theory " in the medical world. The 

 protoplasmic processes were termed dendrites, the nerve process 

 neurite, axon, or axis-cylinder. The dendrites differ from the 

 axons in various structural characters, some of which had been 

 described by Deiters, others were discovered by Golgi with his 

 method. In many neurones the dendrites exhibit minute lateral 

 processes spines or gemmules along their course which are 

 never seen on the axons. 



Some nerve-cells are wholly destitute of dendrites, e.g. the 

 typical cells of spinal ganglia and the corresponding ganglia of 

 the cranial nerves. On the other hand some nerve-cells have no 



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