2 THE BOOK OP THE DOG. 



however, also called the younger Xenophon, who wrote in the year A.D. 130, affirms that dogs 

 hunting by sight and not by scent were quite unknown in the time of Xenophon the elder. At the 

 same time Arrian, in his work above alluded to, most accurately describes our modern Greyhound ; 

 and the anonymous translator of this writer, who has been the means of rendering his works so 

 popular, fairly shows the dog to be of Celtic origin. 



The earliest work on dogs in English is a MS. in the British Museum, entitled the 

 " Mayster of Game," and is written by Edmund de Langley. This work was published in the 

 fourteenth century, and deals principally with hunting subjects, though frequent allusion is made 

 to dogs therein. 



The earliest printed work in the English language in which the various breeds of dogs then in 

 existence are referred to, is the "Book of Field Sports," written by Dame Juliana Berners, Prioress 

 of Sopwell Nunnery, in Hertfordshire. This lady, who was born about the end of the fourteenth 

 century, thus expresses herself in the above work : "Thyse ben the names of houndes, fyrste there 

 is a Grehoun, a Bastard, a Mengrell, a Mastif, a Lemor, a Spanyel, Raches, Kenettys, Teroures, 

 Butchers Houndes, Dunghyll dogges, Tryndeltaylles, and Pryckeryd currys, and smalle ladyes 

 poppees that bere awaye the flees." From this catalogue it would appear that the list of dogs which 

 came under Miss Berners' notice was a very limited one. It is, however, an important one ; 

 inasmuch as it shows that many of the breeds of dogs then in existence have retained at least 

 their names until the present time, in spite of the vast increase in number of breeds. 



The next work from which we are able to quote is a. short treatise on English dogs, originally 

 written in Latin, by Dr. John Caius, physician to Queen Elizabeth, and published in 1576- 

 There was, however, also a translation of the work in old English, which we quote as more 

 clearly showing the ideas of the time. According to Dr. Caius 



( A gentle kind, serving the game. 

 All Lnghshe dogges be)., ii-j ir j 



< A homely kind, apt for sundry necessary u 



' A currish kind, meet for many toyes. 



The first of these three classes is divided by Dr. Caius into two sections viz., Venatici, which 

 were used for the purpose of hunting beasts ; and Aucupatorii, which served in the pursuit of 

 fowl. The Venatici arc treated by this author as follows : 



Dogges serving 



y pastime of 

 hunting beastes 

 are divided into 



Leverarius, or Harriers. 

 Terrarius, or Terrars. 

 Sanguinarius, or Bloodhounds. 

 Agaseus, or Gazehounds. 

 Leporarius, or Grehounds. 

 Lorarius, or Lyeminer. 

 Vertigus, or Tumbler. 

 Canis furax, or Stealer. 



The next section of Dr. Caius's work is taken up by the dogs used for pursuing fowl, \\/.., 

 Aucupatorii, which consisted of- 

 Dogs used for < Index, or Setter. 



fowling. ( Aquaticus, or Spaniell. 



Section three is entirely devoted to the Spaniell Gentle, or Comforter. And Section four 

 consists merely of 



