62 THE BOOK OF THE DOG. 



coated type. He is by Mentor (2444) out of Dagmar (5350), the latter being by Thor out of the 

 subject of the next paragraph. It is interesting to trace his pedigree, the earlier links supplying 

 strong collateral evidence of the correctness of M. Schumacher's account, quoted above. Mentor 

 is by Hope out of Hedwig by Alp out of Hospice, Hope again being by Tell out of Hospice. 

 Hospice was bred by the monks of St. Bernard ; and her pedigree is given as by " Barry (des- 

 cended from OLD BARRY) out of Juno ;" Barry being by Soiildan out of Diane. These are quite 

 evidently M. Schumacher's Sultan and Diana. Alp again is out of Hedwig ; and Hedwig was 

 bred by Mr. Schindler out of Diane. Still, again, Thor is by Leo by " Souldan " (Sultan), thus 

 again tracing to Old Barry through the dogs described by M. Schumacher. 



Abbess, the property of F. Gresham, Esq., is (or perhaps more correctly speaking, has been) 

 the best St. Bernard bitch of her day. She is a smooth-coated brindle-and-white, and was born 

 in 1870, being bred by her owner. Her pedigree is by Leo out of Bernie, by the Rev. J. 

 Gumming Macdona's Bernard out of Bernardine, imported by Mr. Hooper. Abbess's chief 

 performances are first Birmingham, 1872; first Birmingham, 1873; first Hull, 1874; first 

 Dublin, first Maidstone, first Birmingham, 1876 ; first and cup, Bath ; first Chesterfield, 

 and champion prize Alexandra Palace, 1877. The weight of Abbess is 150 Ibs., and her 

 measurements are : Stop to nose, 4^ inches ; stop to occipital bone, 6| inches ; length of back, 

 32 inches ; girth of muzzle in front of eyes, i6f inches ; girth of skull, 27 inches ; girth of neck, 

 29 inches ; girth of brisket in front of fore-arms, 42 inches ; girth of chest behind fore-arms, 

 41 inches ; girth of loins, 34 inches ; girth of hind-leg round stifle, 19 inches ; girth of arm three 

 inches below elbow, 10 inches ; girth of fore-arm, 7\ inches ; girth of pastern, 6| inches ; height 

 of shoulders, 30^ inches ; height at elbow, 16 inches ; height at loins, 30 inches ; height at hock, 

 7 inches ; length of tail, 25 inches. 



The following are the points of the St. Bernard : 



Head. The head is large, square, and massive ; the face not too long but square at 

 the muzzle, with flew approaching that of the Bloodhound, but not so heavy. The stop 

 distinct, showing off the the great height of brow and occipital protuberance, which is 

 specially marked. Ears of medium size, carried close to the cheeks. Eyes, dark, bold, 

 and intelligent, sometimes showing the haw, in that respect also partially resembling the 

 Bloodhound. 



Neck and Shoulders. The neck is lengthy, slightly arched on the top, with well-developed 

 dewlap, sloping shoulders, and wide chest. 



Legs, Feet, and Dew-claws. Legs straight, with large feet, and double dew-claws if possible, 

 but at least single. The more fully developed the dew-claws the more inclined the dog is to turn 

 his hind feet out, the dew-claws in such cases making one or two extra toes. The monks do not 

 object so much to this, as it gives greater resistance to the snow, but the feet are turned out without 

 being cow-hocked. 



General Appearance. Its appearance is showy and gay, giving the observer an impression 

 that the dog is possessed of intelligence, strength, and activity, in a marked degree. 



Colour. Orange-tawny or red is most fashionable with the public. Many breeders prefer 

 a brindle either dark-red or grey, particularly if tiger-marked, which gives a very showy appear- 

 ance when relieved by the white markings. The latter are delineated as follows the muzzle 

 white, with white line running up poll to neck, which should be encircled by a white collar, 

 white chest, feet, and tip of tail. These markings are very much valued by the monks, as 

 representing the scapula, chasuble, and other vestments peculiar to the order. 



Temperament. In temperament, if carefully and properly reared, they are mild and affectionate, 



