320 THE BOOK OF THE DOG. 



dogs must be black ; in red dogs it is often brown or flesh-coloured, but I must own a 

 weakness for a red dog with a black nose and eyelashes, which is attained only by crossing 

 reds with black-and-tans. 



3. Month (5 points). The front teeth must be perfectly even, and fit as close as a vice, 

 so that a hair could not be drawn through when closed. The fangs one in upper and two 

 in lower jaw on each side must be strong, sharp, and recurved, and all must be free from canker 

 and disease (this I make a primary consideration whenever I purchase a dog of any breed, as being 

 in my opinion the greatest safeguard against danger from the bite of a dog). I never saw 

 a fine-bred dog of this kind underhung ; I have seen pig-jawed ones sometimes, but never 

 kept one ; and either fault would effectually disqualify an otherwise good animal. 



4. Eyes (5 points). These always partake of the principal colour of the coat ; they 

 must be large and lustrous, and deeply set, and in expression should be soft and intelligent ; and I 

 like them to show the haw slightly. 



5. Ears (5 points) must be thin, soft as velvet, and long enough to reach the end of the 

 nose, or within a half an inch of it. In red dogs the ears are generally a shade darker in colour than 



FROM "ICONES ANIMALIUM." 



the rest of the body. They should be set on low, and should hang rather squarely with the front 

 edges close to the cheeks, and not rise at the roots except slightly when the animal is excited, or at 

 'attention.' 



"6. Neck (5 points) must be long, thick, and strong, with plenty of loose skin, but entirely 

 free from goitre or enlargement of the glands of the throat. 



" 7. Chest (5 points) must be very deep and wide, the brisket strong, and its point well 

 up to the gullet. When the dog is standing, the chest should be within three inches of the 

 ground. 



" 8. Shoulders (5 points) must be strong and heavy, and loosely fixed to the body. 



" 9. Fore-legs (5 points) must be very short and remarkably strong in bone, and must bend 

 inwards from elbow to ankle, so that the latter nearly touch each other, but they must not 

 knuckle over in front. 



" 10. Fore-feet (5 points) must be very large, splayed outwards, and be furnished with large 

 and strong black or dark-brown claws. In some specimens the claws are often worn short 

 from walking ; but if very strong this is no detriment. 



" 11. Ribs (5 points) must be well sprung or rounded up from shoulder to loin ; a flatness 

 or hollow behind the shoulders is a defect, as it shows the animal has not sufficient room for 

 his lungs to act properly. 



"12. Loin (5 points) must be long and muscular and slightly arched, so that it is per- 

 ceptibly higher than either shoulders or quarters. 



