VARIOUS KrNDs OF SPANIELS. 431 



of leg were recognised as desirable points to obtain in Spaniels. As John Scott attaches 

 so much importance to these qualifications, \vc can quite understand the disfavour with 

 which he regarded the Hound and Pointer cross, upon the undcsirability of which he made some 

 very stringent observations, which we did not consider it worth while to reproduce. As we have 

 now come to a time when Spaniels appear to have been generally recognised by sportsmen 

 as a totally distinct variety from the Setter, or rather we may more correctly put it that 

 the Setter had become recognised as a variety by itself, and some idea has in addition 

 been laid before our readers from the writings of earlier authors, and descriptions of the illus- 

 trations which their works contained, as to what the land Spaniel was like some sixty years 

 ago, we may direct attention to a more recent date, 1845, when William Youatt wrote. 



Youatt in his remarks upon dogs adopts the classification of Cuvier, and, to use his own 

 expression, arranges the breeds " According to the development of the frontal sinus and the 

 cerebral cavity, or, in other words, the power of scent, and the degree of intelligence." 

 Spaniels, according to this classification, come into the second division, and are in company with 

 the Setter, Pointer, Hound, and Sheep Dog, whose heads should be moderately elongated, the 

 parietal bones diverging from each other for a certain space as they rise upon the side of the 

 head, thereby enlarging the cerebral cavity and the frontal sinus. Speaking generally of the 

 Spaniel, Youatt lays down that his ears should be large and pendulous, and his coat of 

 different lengths, according to the part of his body where it is situated, but longest on the 

 ears, under the neck, behind the thighs, and on the tail. The list of Spaniels to which his 

 book refers throws very little light upon any of the foremost modern breeds, for Youatt simply 

 refers in general terms to the Cocker and the Springer and their duties. He also notices the King 

 Charles Spaniel, the Blenheim, and the Norfolk, and black-and-tan Spaniel. The water Spaniel, 

 however, has more space devoted to him than any of the other varieties of which he treats. 



As the land Spaniel exists in the year 1880 in various different forms, it will be necessary 

 to devote a separate chapter to each variety of the breed, some of which have been in existence 

 for many years, although they have received but scant attention from early writers. We therefore 

 propose to proceed to the description of the various breeds of land Spaniels after which the 

 varieties of water Spaniels will be treated of in a chapter by themselves. 





