DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 587 



Cystitis may sometimes be simulated, if not indeed produced, from the extension of inflam- 

 mation of the prostate gland. Although abscess of the prostate gland, which surrounds the 

 neck of the bladder, is rare, it is nearly always fatal, unless it can be speedily resolved. In 

 prostatitis, as in cystitis, the morphia suppository will be found of great value. 



3. Retention of Urine. 



Frequent and ineffectual attempts to pass water are sometimes witnessed without the 

 presence of actual inflammation. It may be caused by enlargement or some chronic disease 

 of the prostate gland, stone in the bladder, &c. In this case the bladder must be relieved 

 twice a day by the catheter, and an effort made to reduce the size of the prostate (if this be 

 the cause), by the exhibition of iodine internally, with the external application of the officinal 

 iodine ointment to the perinanim, as recommended by Williams. 



If the retention is caused by debility, as in low cases of fever and distemper, the catheter 

 must be used, and tonics, stimulants, and good food administered. 



If caused by paralysis of the hind-quarters, the remedies suggested for that disease must be 

 tried. We have seen retention of the urine caused by spasm at the neck of the bladder, in dogs 

 who had been kept too long on the show bench and who would not urinate there. Here hot 

 fomentations, the inhalation of chloroform, and finally the catheter, gave relief. 



In obstruction in the urethra, or pipe, the catheter must again be our stand-by. 



4. Hceinaturia. 



Hsematuria or bloody urine in the dog is sometimes met with. The urine has a peculiar 

 smoky colour, or it may be very dark indeed. The blood, of course, will be altered if it come." 

 from the kidney ; if it comes from the bladder it may be bright red, and the first drops of urine 

 passed may be clear, the blood only coming the third or fourth time the animal stales. 



As bloody urine may be a symptom of disease of the kidney, or may be present in cystitis, or 

 in calculus of the bladder, of course our treatment must be directed to the removal of the cause. 



Astringent injections may be needed if there be very much arterial bleeding from the urethra 

 or bladder, along with the application of cold. 



5. Stone in the Bladder. 



The symptoms are frequent straining while making urine, painful urination, occasional 

 bleeding, and general irritation of the urinary organs and penis. The appetite is usually good, 

 although the dog is worse at certain times than at others. 



Treatment must be palliative ; sometimes an operation is necessary, but unless the dog be very 

 valuable indeed it were less cruel to destroy him. 



The treatment likely to do most good is the careful regulation of the bowels, not only by 

 occasional doses of the mildest aperients Gregory's Powder in the morning, for instance but by 

 moderate exercise and the morning douclie, and occasional washing to keep the skin clean and 

 wholesome. The dog's kennel must be very clean and warm, and he ought to have all the fresh 

 air possible to properly oxygenise the blood. 



The food is a particular point: it must be wholesome and nutritious, but not stimulating. 

 Avoid flesh, therefore, or give it only in very small quantities. 



Small doses of hyoscyamus or opium given as a bolus, with extractum taraxaci, will ease the 

 pain, or an opium and belladonna suppository will give relief. Some men recommend diuretics. 

 We question their utility ; but if the case is seen early, colchicum would very likely do good. 



