TREATMENT OF WORMS. 615 



pendent segments of two of the largest species of tape-worm which infests the dog the Tcenia 

 marginata and Tcenia serrata." 



I. Round-ivorms. 



The principal round-worm found in the dog is called the Ascaris marginata. Cobbold 

 tells us that in our own English dogs it occurs in seventy out of a hundred. In the autopsical 

 examination of 500 dogs, Dr. Krabbe of Copenhagen found round-worms in 122, while out of 

 144 dogs dissected at Vienna, 104 were found to contain this round-worm. 



Symptoms. Sometimes these are very alarming indeed, for the worm itself is occasionally 

 seized with the mania for foreign travel, and finds its way into the throat or nostrils, causing 

 the poor animal to become perfectly furious, and inducing such pain and agony that it is an 

 act of charity to end its life. 



The worms may also crawl into the stomach, and give rise to great irritation, but are 

 usually dislodged therefrom by the act of vomiting. 



Their usual habitat, however, is the small intestines, where they occasion great distress tc 

 their host. The appetite is always depraved and voracious. At times there is colic, with 

 sickness and perhaps vomiting, and the bowels are alternately constipated or loose. The coat 

 is harsh and staring, there usually is short dry cough from reflex irritation of the bronchia) 

 mucous membrane, a bad-smelling breath, and emaciation, or at least considerable poverty 

 of flesh. 



The disease is most common in puppies and in young dogs. The appearance of the ascaris 

 in the dog's stools is, of course, the diagnostic symptom. No doubt the reader has seen them ; 

 about the length of ordinary earth-worms, but perfectly round, a palish pink colour, and tapering 

 at both ends. The females are larger than the males. 



Treatment of Round-worms. We have cured many cases with areca-nut powder (betel- 

 nut). Dose, ten grains to two drachms. We have also at our command calomel, in con- 

 junction with jalap or scammony ; kamela, dose from fifteen grains to three drachms ; and 

 turpentine, dose from twenty drops to a drachm and a half, beaten up with yolk of egg. 



But areca-nut does better for tape-worm, so do some of the others that we have just 

 mentioned ; and we cannot do better than trust to pure santonine for the expulsion of round- 

 worms. The dose is from one grain for a Toy, up to six grains for a Mastiff. Mix it in a 

 little butter, and stick it well back in the roof of the dog's mouth. He must have fasted 

 previously for twelve hours, and had a dose of castor oil the day before. In four or five 

 hours after he has swallowed the santonine, let him have a dose of either olive-oil or 

 decoction of aloes. Dose, two drachms to two ounces or more. Repeat the treatment in 

 five days. 



The perfect cleanliness of the kennel is of paramount importance. 



The animal's general health requires looking after, and he may be brought once more 

 into good condition by proper food and a course of vegetable tonics. If wanted in show 

 condition we have cod-liver oil to fall back upon, or extract of malt. 



Nematode worms are sometimes found in the hearts of dogs, especially in India, where we 

 have often seen dogs assisting the cows, adjutants, and blue-bottles, in the work of scavenging. 

 The animals either die suddenly, or after a few hours of excruciating agony. The worm so 

 found is called the Filaria immitis. There is, of course, no remedy for the disease induced by 

 its presence in so vital an organ as the heart. 



Sometimes, though very rarely, a nematode worm is found in the kidney of the dog, pro- 



