Clinton. 



DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 



Concord. 



est vines to keep under control ; it requires a 

 great deal of room and spur-pruning on old 

 wood to bring forth its best results. Being one 

 of the first to bloom in spring, it suffers some- 

 times from late frosts. 



The leaf of the Clinton is in some seasons 

 quite infested by the gall-louse (the Gallicola 

 form of the Phylloxera), but its root enjoys a 

 remarkable immunity from the puncture of 

 this dreaded insect. The root-lice are found 

 thereon, sometimes abundantly, but the vine 

 does not suffer therefrom, while European 

 vines by their side are quite destroyed. The 

 Clintorj was therefore recommended by us to 

 Phylloxera-invaded France, and has been 

 largely used there for several years, until the 

 Taylor and, even more so. certain types of 

 wild Riparia were found better adapted. 



L. Giraud, Pres't of the Syndicat Pomerol. 

 (Gironde), writes May 4, 1883: "My grafts of 

 1876, on the poor decried Clinton, give promise 

 this year also of the most satisfactory returns. 

 I have abandoned the grafting on Clinton, and 

 prefer now the Riparia, on account of the large 

 quantity of root-lice on the former, which 

 makes it a bad neighbor for our French vines." 



The fact that Clintons, even when teeming 

 with Phylloxera, are comparatively free from 

 mildew and rot, while other varieties much 

 less infected by the insect suffer either by rot 

 or mildew, and some even by both, refutes the 

 theory that these diseases might be caused by 

 the Phylloxera. 



Roots thin and wiry, but very tough, with a 

 hard, smooth liber, rapidly forming new fibers, 

 or spongioles, and, though much infested by the 

 Phylloxera, the insect seems to have little effect 

 on the hard texture of the main roots. Canes 

 rather slender, but long and rambling, with a 

 full complement of laterals and strong tendrils. 

 Wood rather soft and with a large pith. 



Makes a fair, dark red wine, resembling 

 claret, but of somewhat disagreeable taste, 

 which, however, improves with age ; must 93 

 to 98 and sometimes exceeding 100. 



CHnton-Via.Ua. (Rip.) By some supposed to be 

 identical with franklin,- others say that the foliage of the 

 Vialla is larger and darker, and that it is more produc- 

 tive and of a somewhat better quality. It is not known 

 here at all, but it is esteemed in France as a superior 

 grafting stock. 



Clover-street Black.. A Hybrid raised by Ja- 

 cob Moore, from Diana, crossed by Black Hamburg. 

 Bunches large, compact, shouldered; berries large, 

 roundish, black, with a dark violet bloom ; flesh ten- 

 der, sweet. Vine moderately vigorous. Ripens with 

 Concord. Hovey's Mag. 



Clover-street Red. Same origin as the preced- 

 ing. Bunches larger than the Diana, loose, occasion- 



ally with a similar long stalk or shoulder appended to 

 the top ; berries large, roundish oval, crimson when 

 fully ripe, with a slight Diana flavor. Vine a strong 

 grower. Ripens with Diana. Hovey's Mag. 



Coe. The Coe grape originated in Washington Co., 

 Iowa. G. B. Brackett, chairman fruit committee, con- 

 siders it as belonging to the Labrusca type, and kindly 

 describes it for this Catalogue as follows : 



"Vine a strong and free grower; withstands the 

 vicissitudes of our climate well ; it may be called an 

 iron-clad; canes rather short-jointed, with healthy, 

 durable leaf. Bunches small, compact, rarely shoul- 

 dered; berries small to medium, black, rather fleshy 

 than juicy. Ripens a week to ten days before Concord. 

 While berry and bunch are smaller than Hartford, 

 the berries of the Coe are sweeter, and do not crack 

 nor drop prematurely. Brackett considers it valuable 

 mainly for a northern climate. 



Columbia. (Rip.) This grape is said to have been 

 found by Maj. Adlum on his farm at Georgetown, D. 

 C. A vigorous grower, productive ; bunch small, com- 

 pact; berry small, black with a thin bloom, with very 

 little hardness or acidity in its pulp ; not high-flavored, 

 but pleasant and vinous ; ripe last of September. 

 Downing. 



Concord. (Labr.) This most popular Ameri- 

 can grape originated with E. W. Bull, Con- 

 cord, Mass., who exhibited it for the first time 

 on the 20th of Sept., 1853, at the 25th annual 

 exhibition of the Massachusetts Horticultural 

 Society, on Boston Common. 



Bunch large, shouldered, rather compact ; 

 berries large, globular, black, thickly covered 

 with a beautiful blue bloom; skin thin, tender, 

 cracks easily; flesh sweet, pulpy, tender; col- 

 ors about two weeks before the Catawba, but 

 should be allowed to hang late, to develop all 

 its good qualities, none too good at best. Not a 

 good keeper, becoming insipid soon after being 

 gathered. In some localities, however, espe- 

 cially in East Tennessee and parts of Virginia, 

 the Concord becomes so very sweet and rich as 

 scarcely to be recognized. Roots numerous, 

 stout, above average hardness in texture, with 

 medium liber, read^y pushing new fibers un- 

 der the attacks of Phylloxera. One of the best 

 resistants among the Labrusca class, and was 

 therefore exported as a grafting stock to South- 

 ern France, but proving ill-suited to some lo- 

 calities in that climate it was soon generally 

 rejected ; the Taylor and other Riparia varieties 

 being much preferred as stocks for grafting. 

 Canes of average thickness, long, rambling, 

 with numerous and well developed laterals. 

 Wood of medium hardness and pith. Vines 

 very strong, rampant growers ; coarse, strong 

 foliage, dark green above, rusty beneath ; has 

 proved very hardy and healthy, and is im- 

 mensely 'productive. This is well illustrated 



