VI ADMINISTRATIVE NIIHMSM 277 



"Thus they make the first steps from brutishness towards 

 culture, of which the social value of man is the measure. Thus 

 all talents become gradually developed, taste is formed, and by 

 continual enlightenment the foundations of a way of thinking 

 are laid, which gradually changes the mere rude cape 

 moral perception into determinate practical principles ; and 

 thus society, which is originated by a sort of pathological com- 

 pulsion, becomes metamorphosed into a moral unity." (Loc. 

 cit. p. 147.) 



"All the culture and art which adorn humanity, the most 

 refined social order, are produced by that unsociability which is 

 compelled by its own existence to discipline itself, and so by 

 enforced art to bring the seeds implanted by Nature into full 

 flower." (Loc. cit. p. 148.) 



In these passages, as in others of this remark- 

 able tract, Kant anticipates the application of the 

 " struggle for existence " to politics, and indicates 

 the manner in which the evolution of society has 

 resulted from the constant attempt of individuals 

 to strain its bonds. jfJiidiyiduality has-no ^lay,\ 

 does not .-adxaaoe ; -if individuality breaks 



out of all bounds, society - 



But when men living in society once become 

 aware that their -vrelfar&-dspeBdfl-ttpon two op- 

 posingtendencies of equal importance the one 

 -resiraijaing, the other encouraging, individual 

 -freedom the question " What, axe the functions 

 of JGUiSJexnment ? " is translated iata another- 

 namely, " What_fiiight we men, in our corporate 

 capacity, to do, not only in the way of restraining 

 that free individuality which is inconsistent with 

 the existence of society, but in encouraging that 



