204 THE EVOLUTION OF THEOLOHV V rn j 



adversary 1 And Jahveh hath wrought for himself, as he spake 

 by me, and .Tahvch hath rent the kingdom out of thine hand and 

 given it to thy neighbour, even to David. Because thou 

 obeyedst not the voice of Jahveh and didst not execute his 

 fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath Jahveh done this 

 thing unto thee this day. Moreover, Jahveh will deliver Israel 

 also with thee into the hands of the Philistines ; and to-morrow 

 shalt thou and thy sons be with me : Jahveh shall deliver the 

 host of Israel also into the hand of the Philistines. Then Saul 

 fell straightway his full length upon the earth and was sore 

 afraid because of the words of Samuel . . . (v. 14-20). 



The statement that Saul " perceived " that it 

 was Samuel is not to be taken to imply that, even 

 now, Saul actually saw the shade of the proplu t, 

 but only that the woman's allusion to the pro- 

 phetic mantle and to the aged appearance of 

 the spectre convinced him that it was Samud. 

 Reuss 1 in fact translates the passage " Alors S;ml 

 reconnut que c'e*tait Samuel." Nor does tlu> 

 dialogue between Saul and Samuel necessarily, or 

 probably, signify that Samuel spoke otherwise 

 than by the voice of the wise woman. The Scpt- 

 uagint does not hesitate to call her eyyaarpi/jLvOos, 

 that is to say, a ventriloquist, implying that it 

 was she who spoke and this view of the 



1 I need hardly say that I depend upon authoritative IHblical 

 critics, whenever a question of interpretation of the text 

 ari-es. As lleii.xs appears to me to be one of the most learned, 

 acute, mid fair-minded of those whose works I have studied, I 

 have made nio.vt u-e of the eoniiiient;iry and dissertations in his 

 splendid Kreneh edition "f the I'.ihle. T.ut I have also had 

 iveours" to the works of Dillman, Kalisch. K'uonen, Thenius, 

 Tueh, and others, in cases in \vhieh another opinion seemed 

 desirable. 



