I PROLEGOMENA 33 



dener treated all the weeds and slugs and birds 

 and trespassers as he would like to be treated, if 

 he were in their place ? 



XII i 



Under the preceding heads, I have endeavoured 

 to represent in broad, but I hope faithful, outlines 

 the essential features of the state of nature and of 

 that cosmic process of which it is the outcome, so 

 far as was needful for my argument ; I have con- 

 trasted with the state of nature the state of 

 art, produced by human intelligence and energy, 

 as it is exemplified by a garden ; and I have shown 

 that the state of art, here and elsewhere, can be 

 maintained only by the constant counteraction 

 of the hostile influences of the state of nature- 

 Further, I have pointed out that the " horticultural A 

 process " which thus sets itself against the " cosmic / 

 process " is opposed to the latter in principle, in so ( 

 tar as it tends to arrest the struggle for existence, ] 

 by restraining the multiplication which is one/ 

 of the chief causes of that struggle, and by ^ 

 creating artificial conditions of life, better adapted 

 to the cultivated plants than are the conditions of 

 the state of nature. And I have dwelt upon the J 

 fact that, though the progressive modification/ 

 which is the consequence of the struggle for 

 existence in the state of nature, is at an end, 

 such modification may still be effected by that 



VOL. IX D 



