BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. XV 
the subject of his close attention, for but little regarding their 
structure had been put on record by previous anatomists, whilst he, 
thanks to his prosectorial advantages and the living collection 
around him, was enabled to study them, with every facility, both 
in a dead and a living state. The most important of his scientific 
results, regarding these animals, were embodied in a paper “ On the 
visceral anatomy and osteology of the Ruminants,” read before the 
Zoological Society on Jan. 2,1877. In this paper, besides many 
important conclusions arrived at with regard to the classification 
of this group of animals, Garrod broached his views on a subject 
that for some time had been more and more impressing itself upon 
him. This was the inadequacy of the ordinarily used system of 
binomial nomenclature to indicate properly the new views on the 
classification of animals rendered necessary by the general adop- 
tion of the theory of evolution—an inadequacy that was the more 
evident to him from his previous knowledge of chemistry. It was 
his desire to devise, if possible, some system of formule which 
would enable the biologist to express, in one term, both the nature 
and the affinities of the creature it represented. This effort to give 
taxonomic conclusions a more exact expression had been already 
partly adopted in the formule used by Garrod in his various papers 
on the classification of birds, as well as in the lecture on “ Evolution 
and Zoological Formulation,” delivered at King’s College in 1874, 
and already alluded to. In that lecture he had selected a parti- 
cular group of birds, the Parrots, to which to apply. his views: in 
his paper on the Ruminants these are still further expounded, and 
worked out for that group of animals. 
Meanwhile Garrod had been steadily going on amassing facts 
regards the anatomy of Mammals and Birds at the Zoological 
Gardens, and hardly a scientific meeting of the Zoological Society 
passed without some paper from him, dealing either with some of 
his newly-discovered lines of research or with an account of the 
anatomy of some hitherto unknown form. Some idea of the 
amount of material that passed through his hands may be gained 
from the fact that at various periods in his career he dissected no 
less than five specimens of Rhinoceroses, belonging to three 
different species—an anatomical experience probably quite unique. 
He worked remarkably quickly, both with his scalpel and with 
his pencil—for he was no mean artist—but yet with such certainty 
and accuracy that a re-examination of his objects rarely rendered 
necessary any change in his original description. His anatomical 
