THE ANATOMY OF ARAMUS SCOLOPACEUS. 333 
who found that it agrees exactly with that of Psophia and Grus, and 
with no other bird. The peculiarities of the feathers themselves led 
that illustrious naturalist to place it with the Rails, from which it 
differs in more than one pterylographic particular. 
There are two carotid arteries; and the right jugular vein, as is Page 276. 
frequently the case, is considerably the larger of the two. 
The trachea is simple (the specimen is a female); the syrinx is 
somewhat dilated; and a single pair of intrinsic muscles is continued 
to the bronchial half-ring. 
Myologically, the ambiens muscle is strong; the femoro-caudal (A) 
is absent, the accessory femoro-caudal (B) is thin and small; the 
semitendinosus (X) and the accessory semitendinosus (Y) are fairly 
developed. Its muscle-formula* is therefore B, XY. In all the 
Rallide the formula is AB, XY, the femoro-caudal being large. In 
Psophia it is B, XY, as it is in Cariama (in Chunga B is also absent). Page 277. 
In. Balearica regulorum the formula is XY; in Grus antigone it is 
AB, XY, the femoro-caudal being reduced to almost a thread; in 
Anthropoides virgo the formula is AB, XY, as it is in Ibis and Platalea, 
as well as in Hurypyga. Myology therefore does not militate against 
the Gruine affinities of Aramus. 
Further, as in Grus, the tensor fascia covers the biceps cruris ; 
the biceps humeri muscle sends a special belly into the patagium; 
the expansor secundariorum is Ciconine; the obturator internus bas a 
triangular origin.t+ 
Alimentary canal——The tongue is 24 inches long, very slender, 
quite smooth, nearly cylindrical, and tapering to a fine point in front. 
It has a slight papitlary fringing at its posterior edge. The wsophagus 
is very capacious, although no crop is developed. The proventriculus 
is zonary; its glands are cylindrical and short. Between it and the 
gizzard is a capacious dilatation of the termination of the gullet, lined, 
apparently, with squamous epithelium, the volume of which is greater 
than that of the interior of the gizzard itself. The gizzard is not 
large, and its muscular walls are not thick. The liver has the left lobe 
a little larger than the right, a condition far from common among 
birds; the gall-bladder is present. The average-sized, or slightly 
narrow, intestines are 40 inches in length. The ceca are somewhat 
dilated toward their blind ends; they are 2 and 2} inches long. They 
are peculiar in being situated laterally, and close together, instead of 
opposite one another, a condition approximated to in most of the non- 
columbine Schizorhinal birds, and in them only; the small intestine 
* Vide “ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” 1874, p. 111. (Supra, p. 208.) 
+ For further reference to these points, vide “ Proceedings of the Zoological 
Society,” 1876, p. 195. (Supra, p. 324.) 
