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396 ON THE ANATOMY OF THE RUMINANTS. 
slender, and lateral, forming little more than an incomplete cap to 
the right kidney; in some it is quadrate from the development 
ventrally of its basal portion. 
The Spigelian lobe is frequently entirely absent, as such. When 
present it is a development of the median portion of the posterior 
margin of the portal fissure, extending so as to overlap it. When its 
base is broad, as in the Sheep, it may be termed oviform; when it is 
pedunculate, as is generally the case in the genus Rusa, it may be 
termed rusiform. 5 . 
Variations of slight degree are found in individuals of the same 
species. From Table I. (p. 392) the peculiarities of the different 
varying parts of the organ in the specimens which I have had the 
opportunity of examining may be determined (columns II. to V.). 
The generative organs of the Ruminantia present many features of 
interest bearing on classification. These are mainly to be found in 
the shape of the glans penis, the development of Cowper’s glands, and 
the number of cotyledons in the placenta. 
The glans penis is very different in shape in the various genera of 
the Ovide as well as of the Cervide. In all it is the case that the ter- 
minal portion of the urethra isextremely smallincalibre. Figs. 13-15 
(p. 397) give views of the lateral, anterior, and inferior surfaces of the 
organ in Cervus cashmeerianus, with which the following species agree 
in structure—C. elaphus, O. dama, C. aristotelis, C. moluccensis, O. 
kuhlii, C. alfredi, and C. porcinus. In them the glans constitutes a 
cylinder, slightly flattened from side to side, about one fourth as deep 
as it is long, measured from the preputial reflection. Its extremity 
is obtuse, vertically grooved, and slightly flattened, the orifice of the 
urethra appearing on the apex of a simple blunt cone about one sixth 
of an inch in height, the base of which is slightly included in the lower 
termination of the apical vertical fold, near its lower or freenal margin. 
In Cervus mexicanus, C. pudu, and O. campestris the arrangement is 
somewhat different, the vertical groove being absent, the termination 
of the glans being a blunt cone, with the urethral orifice at its apex, as 
is seen in fig. 16 (p. 397). 
In Capreolus caprea, Cervulus muntjac, and Hlaphodus cephalophus 
the glans is peculiarly long and slender, at the same time that it is 
nearly cylindrical, with a rounded apex, at the lower part of which 
the urethra opens by a simple orifice. This is seen in fig. 17 (p. 397) 
taken from the Roebuck. In Tragelaphus scriptus it is the same. 
In Bos taurus the glans is elongated, forming an irregular cylinder, 
smoothly rounded at the apex, the urethra (which has no free terminal 
extension) opening below it at a little distance from the extremity in 
a downward direction. This is seen in fig. 19 (p. 397). 
In the Sheep the apex is somewhat enlarged, but not uniformly so, 
