ON THE ANATOMY OF THE RUMINANTS. 401 
Dr. Gray lays considerable stress upon the degree of development of 
the nasal processes of the premaxillary bones, whether or not they 
Fig. 24. Base of skull of Cervus virginianus. 
meet the nasals. In Rangifer tarandus they do not do so, the gap 
being filled up by the appearance, superficially, of portions of the Page 14. 
nasal turbinal. This is also the case in Cervus pudu and C. colum- 
bianus. In C. leucwrus the nasal processes of the premaxille are also 
very short, and they therefore do not join the nasal bones; nor do 
they in C. campestris, nor, generally, in O. rufus, and only just in C. 
virginianus. They do join the nasals in C. leucotis and OC. antisiensis. 
In Alces machlis, on account of the extreme shortness of the nasal 
bones, the premaxillary processes do not meet them; but in all the 
Old-W orld Cervide the line of junction of the two is considerable, 
except in Hlaphodus cephalophusand Cervulus reevesi. 
In all the American Cervide and in the Reindeer the floor of the 
posterior osseous nares is prolonged backwards more than in their Old- 
World allies, from the extension backwards of the palatine plates of 
the palatal bones. In Cervulus there is a tendency to this condition, 
but not in any other Old-World genus. 
in his invaluable paper* “On the Evidences of Affinity afforded 
by the Skull in the Ungulate Mammalia,” Mr. H. N. Turner remarks: 
—T have noticed that in the Moschide [ Hyomoschus, Tragulus, and 
* “ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” 1849, p. 152. 
2D 
