Page 104. 
430 ; ON CARPOPHAGA LATRANS, 
latrans. Instead of being smooth, or folded into plications, as is 
usually the case, its surface is raised into horny cones which closely 
resemble in appearance the tubercles for the attachment of the spines 
of the Echinoderm genus Cidaris. In fig. 1, a, the interior of the 
gizzard is represented ; fig. 1, b, is a section of one of the cones resting 
upon the muscular gizzard-wall. 
These conical processes are corneous throughout, are erect, and 
are quite transparent when cut into sections. There are twenty- 
Interior of the gizzard of Carpophaga latrans. 
three of them, large and small, in each of my specimens. The larger 
cones, which are the more numerous, average seven millimetres in 
diameter at their bases, their axial length being about four millimetres ; 
the smallest cone is four millimetres across and of nearly the same 
height. 
The cones are arranged, close to one another, in a fairly regular 
manner upon the two muscle-masses, being distributed in rows of 
three, counting either transversely or longitudinally, This disposes 
of eighteen of the twenty-three cones. The remaining five are found 
on the tendinous intermuscular walls of the organ, in longitudinal 
rows, two in one row, three in the other. 
A section of any one of the cones demonstrates that it is not in the 
least ossified, but corneous throughout, and of about the density of 
ox-horn. Itis also seen that the attached surface of the epithelium 
does not participate in the undulations of the free surface, being quite 
smooth. Neither does it send any processes into the cones. Between 
the cones the epithelium is yielding, and only semicorneous. 
A still further exaggeration of this abnormal condition of the 
epithelium of the gizzard of Carpophaga latrams has been described by 
MM. Jules Verreaux and O. Des Murs in Phenorhina goliath* of New 
Caledonia, which “se nourrit de graines de semicarpum.” In this 
* “Revue et Magasin de Zoologie,”’ 1862, p. 168. 
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