Page 374. 
Page 375. 
498 ON THE TRACHEA OF THE GALLINA. 
is more like that of Phasianus and Huplocamus, its most striking’ 
difference from the former being the lateral uptilting of the first 
bronchial semiring, and the similar tendency in the sides of the last 
tracheal ring. 
In Lophophorus impeyanus the lower tracheal rings, which are 
narrower than those above, are in contact with one another behind ; 
but anteriorly they are thinner, leaving considerable intervals, dimi- 
nishing as they ascend—continuous between the five rings above the 
penultimate, found also between it and the last, but in that case 
interrupted by a small median connecting isthmus, which is broader 
below than above, at the same time that it is continuous with the supe- 
riorly broader medio-anterior descending process of the last ring, the 
two together forming a lozenge-shaped cartilage that receives the 
extremities of the first semirings at its lower margin. Posteriorly the 
pessulus is continuous with the penultimate ring, whilst the ends of 
the last tracheal also blend with it slightly. The second bronchial 
semiring is slightly larger than the first, and articulates with it in the 
usual way, as does the first with the last tracheal ring. There is a 
great uniformity in the depths of all the interannular intervals in the 
region of the bifurcation of the trachea. 
In Numida cristata, which may be taken as the type of the very 
characteristic windpipe of the genus, figured accurately as it is in 
part by Temminck,* the peculiarity is that the lowermost six or so 
tracheal rings develop antero-lateral fenestrae between them, increasing 
in size from above downwards, and produced by the thinning of the 
rings alone. In the adult male the four lowest rings blend in the 
middle line, both anteriorly and posteriorly. Those higher up do not 
do so. The last ring of the trachea, the whole plane of which is trans- 
verse, sends downwards a bluntly triangular medio-anterior process, 
with the lower margin of which the first bronchial semirings articulate. 
Posteriorly, in the full-grown bird, the pessulus fuses with the hinder 
extremities of the same, in such a way as to make it appear to form a 
continuation of it, as in no other of the Gallinss with which I am 
acquainted. The first bronchial semiring sends upwards at right 
angles a strong anterior articular process, it posteriorly expanding 
triangularly, so that the upper angle meets the lower margin of the 
last tracheal ring in the usual situation, the lower angle articulating 
with the second semiring, whose other end bends up to be jointed to 
the corresponding part of the first semiring, developed slightly down- 
wards.to articulate with it. The interval between the last tracheal 
ring and the first bronchial semiring is considerable and broadly 
quadrilateral ; that below it is much shallower; and those above are 
* Loe, cit., pl. i. fig. 4. 
