2 
~~ 
ON THE TRACHEA OF THE GALLIN&. 501 
Gallus bankiva at first sight seems to have the lower end of its 
windpipe constructed upon quite a different type from that of any of 
its allies, although I have reason to believe that other species fill up 
the gaps between it and other Phasianide. The lower extremity of 
the trachea is very much compressed from side to side, whilst it is 
correspondingly augmented in depth from before backwards. The 
antero-posteriorly directed pessulus joins in front the base of a con- 
siderable median triangular cartilage, which, with upward-directed 
small-angled apex, reaches as high as the level of the antepenultimate 
tracheal ring: posteriorly it joins a similar but smaller cartilage, the 
apex of which does not quite reach the penultimate ring. With the 
lateral angles of these triangular cartilages, the anterior and posterior 
extremities of the first bronchial semirings freely articulate. These 
semirings are large and much curved, with the convexity directed 
downwards. Anteriorly they meet, but do not articulate with the 
scarcely modified second semirings, from which they are quite inde- 
pendent behind. 
The last tracheal ring is thin and band-like, joining the lower ends 
of the sides of the anterior triangular cartilage in front, whilst behind 
its free extremities are separated by a considerable interval, partly 
occupied by the posterior triangle. The penultimate ring persists 
as two straight lateral band-like rudiments fixed in the tracheal mem- 
brane, and nearly reaching both the anterior and posterior triangular 
cartilages. The antepenultimate ring is still further modified in the 
Fig. 32. Fig. 33. 
—_ = 
4 oO 
o- <a 
Front view. Back view. 
Gallus bankiva. 
