of the, Genus Teracolus, Swains. 469 



since the days of Hewitson ! It only shows how utterly 

 impossible it is to write a correct synonymic paper upon any 

 genus without first arranging the species, having due regard 

 at the same time not only to seasonal variation, but to geogra- 

 phical distribution. Never since I first arranged the genus 

 was it in such a perplexing state of chaos as during Mr. Mar- 

 shall's few visits to it with a view to " clearing up " the 

 synonymy. The natural result is that the " clearing up " has 

 resulted in partial failure. 



61. Teracolus g aviso, . 



Anthopsyche gavisa, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 13 (1857). 

 Teracolus hero $, Butler, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 150, pi. vi. fig. 12 (part.). 

 Teracolus subvenosus $ , Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. xii. 

 p. 105 (1883). 



Ranges from Natal to the Victoria Nyanza along the 

 eastern littoral. 



This species differs from T. achine in its much bolder 

 marking in all its seasonal phases, the reduction of the 

 crimson apical patch on the primaries of the males, and the 

 well-defined black veining on the under surface of the wet- 

 season form. " T. subvenosus $ " is a typical female of 

 T. cjavisa, but " T. hero $ " a singularly heavily marked and 

 buff-tinted female of the intermediate phase. 



I should regard T. gavisa as at least subspecifically distinct 

 from T. achine, at any rate until it has been proved by 

 breeding to be a mere varietal development of that species. 

 It can always be easily distinguished in all its phases. 



62. Teracolus omphale. 



Pieris omphale, Godart, Enc. Me"th. ix. p. 122 (1819). 



Anthocharis theogone, Boisduval, Spec. Ge*n. Le"p. i. p. 575 (1836). 



Anthopsyche procne, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 323 (1857). 



Teracolus omphaloides, Butler, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 151. 



Teracolus corda, Moschler, Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. xxxiii. p. 278 



(1884). 

 Teracolus complexivus, Butler, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 770. 



Ranges along the eastern side of Africa from Somaliland 

 to the Cape. 



T. omphale is a very variable species, the most heavily 

 marked of the wet-season forms occurring in Nyasaland, 

 where the marginal spots on the upper surface of the second- 

 aries frequently unite into a broad continuous border; the 

 discal black belt on these wings in the male varies enormously, 

 sometimes broad from abdominal margin to outer border, 

 sometimes slender, sometimes barely indicated. In the inter- 



