of the Genus Ixias. 141 



flewitson cabinet, have a more or less dry-season character 

 of under surface, but the character of the upper surface varies 

 from wet to dry, as in the seasonal forms of the I. marianne 

 group. The female invariably has the inner edging of the 

 orange belt on the primaries widely interrupted in the centre, 

 and the driest examples of the males have this blackish border 

 reduced in the centre to a mere dusted line ; the black disco- 

 cellular spot on the primaries is almost invariably isolated 

 from this black edging, owing to the continuation of the 

 orange belt to a short distance inside of it. The late 

 Capt. Watson regarded this last as a character of almost 

 specific importance, but it is certainly not quite constant and 

 therefore is of no great value. 



It is, of course, just possible that /. sesia may be based 

 upon additional variations of the dry form of /. moulmein- 

 ensis ; but then we should have more difficulties to contend 

 with than in the case of /. pirenassa as representing phases 

 of /. dharmsalce. I think it far more likely that, as in 

 /. marianne, several of these allies of /. pyrene invariably 

 show dry-season characters on the under surface which are 

 merely intensified in the dry season, whereas the bordering 

 of the secondaries above varies in width seasonally. 



22. Ixias pyrene. 



Papilio pyrene, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 241 (1764); Cramer, Pap. 



Exot. ii. pi. cxxii. figs. A, B (1779). 

 $ . Papilio cenippe, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pi. cv. C, D (1779). 



China. Twelve examples. B. M. 



I have very little doubt that Cramer's figures of P. pyrene 

 (A and B) represent the wet- season form, though showing 

 dry-season characters on the underside. The species is nearly 

 related to /. sesia and possibly not distinct from it, as Dono- 

 van's illustration of /. sesia is probably taken from a Chinese 

 example ; the dry form of China, however, which is typical 

 /. pyrenej is decidedly larger than that of Burmah. The 

 locality " America " given by Fabricius affords no clue to the 

 real habitat of his type. 



Group 4. (Type /. Ludekingii.) 



Chiefly differs from the preceding group in the nearly 

 white wings of both sexes. The seasonal differences are 

 quite normal, only the dry form having the wings ocellated 

 below. 



