From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OP NATURAL HISTOBY, 

 Ser. 7, Vol. ii., July 1898. 



On the Butter/lies of the Genera Leptophobia and Pieria. 

 By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S.,&c. 



IN spite of adverse criticism, I have seen no reason to change 

 my decision either as to the distinctness of Leptophobia or as 

 to what should be regarded as typical Pieris. Strictly 

 speaking, perhaps, Parnassius apollo should be regarded as 

 the type of Pieris, Schrank ; Scudder, however, considers 

 Ganoris rapce to be the type, regarding the closely related 

 G. brassicce as generically distinct. I have clearly proved 

 that the trivial characters upon which these two nearly allied 

 " cabbage- butterflies " were separated are utterly unreliable, 

 being inconstant in the extreme. If we were, on the other 

 hand, to make Parnassius apollo the type of Pieris, it would 

 not only create hopeless confusion, but would necessitate 

 giving a fresh name to the subfamily Pierinse, a course not 

 to be desired by any who keep in view the sole object of 

 nomenclature. 



As before, therefore, I accept Boisduval's definition of 

 Pieris, taking P. amathonte ( = P. demophile $ ) as its type. 



In the ' Biologia Centrali-Americana ' the genus Pieris is 

 expanded to include Synchloe, Mylothris, Leptophobia, and 

 Glutophrissa ; but personally I prefer to keep all groups 

 having constant structural differences, whether of neuratiou 

 or other details, as separate genera. As regards the state- 

 ment that P. protodice (Synchloe) is sexually inconstant in 

 neuration, I can only suggest that this state of things is indi- 

 vidual and abnormal, inasmuch as nine out of our ten male 

 examples show the apical furca in the primaries quite as 



