THE HEREFORDSHIRE BREED. 367 



ried to these markets, presenting as fine specimens of the 

 matured and fattened Ox as are to be seen in any country. 

 The Hereford breeders naturally set a high value upon this 

 breed. They esteem it to be the finest in England. It has, 

 indeed, many excellent properties for the grazier ; but the 

 general judgment of the breeders has long been pronounced 

 in favour of another breed, likewise perfected by the skill of 

 the breeder the Short-horned Teeswater, or, as it is now 

 frequently termed, the Durham Breed. This has for many 

 years been progressively extending, and been carried even 

 within the native districts of the Herefords. The Herefords 

 will frequently pay the graziers better than the Durhams ; 

 but the value of a breed is to be determined, not by the pro- 

 fit which it yields between buying and selling, but by that 

 which it yields to the breeder and the feeder conjointly from 

 its birth to its maturity ; and taking into account the early 

 maturity of the Short-horns, and the weight to which they 

 arrive, it may without error be asserted that they merit the 

 preference which has been given to them. The two breeds 

 have been sometimes crossed with one another ; but, although 

 fine animals are produced by a first cross, the future progeny 

 rarely equals the parents of pure blood. Unless, therefore, 

 the Herefords were to be crossed until they became Short- 

 horns, the proper course seems to be to preserve the two 

 breeds in a state of purity, the breeder and the grazier con- 

 tenting themselves with the excellencies which each has ac- 

 quired. 



XVIII. THE LONG-HORNED BREED. 



The term Long-horned, when applied to a variety of Bri- 

 tish cattle, denotes not only a simple character of the horns, 

 namely, their extension or length, but a certain similarity in 

 the external form of the animals, which united a great pro- 

 portion of the older cattle of the country into what might be 



