

HISTOHY. 487 



others. But these races are not confined to this part of Tar- 

 tary, but extend more or less continuously southward into 

 Caubul, Persia, Syria, and even beyond the confines of 

 Europe, northward into Siberia, and eastward, beyond the 

 Altaic Mountains. These people, aided by their instrument 

 of war, the Horse, have again and again been conquerors ; 

 but, far superior as a race to the Kalmuks, they have been 

 able to found enduring kingdoms and empires. It was this 

 race which really supported the empire of Genghis, as it did 

 about 170 years later that of his successor Leng the Mos- 

 lem, generally known to us as Timur-Leng, or Tamarlane, 

 who, adding religious fanaticism to his thirst for power, renew- 

 ed the system of conquest and extermination of his precur- 

 sor. He overran Persia, sacked Bagdad, and, crossing the 

 Indus, laid Delhi in ashes, carrying off an enormous booty 

 of treasure and captives,~and murdering the miserable inha- 

 bitants by thousands. This wretch died in the year of our 

 Lord 1405, and his empire soon after crumbled to pieces. 

 The Western Tartars became divided, and the greater part 

 of the Kalmuk tribes resumed their pristine habits, and are 

 now again herdsmen and horsemen, restrained from violence 

 by the arms and policy of the Chinese. Of the same race 

 were the people known to us as Turks, who subdued the 

 fairest parts of Western Asia, northern 'Africa, and Greece, 

 where they are still permitted to possess, through the mu- 

 tual jealousy of European powers, the throne of the eastern 

 Csesars. And of the same class of rude horsemen, but mixed 

 in lineage, were the first Mahommedan invaders of India, 

 who, in the year 1208, founded the Moslem dominion in India, 

 which, afterwards known as the Empire of the Moguls, or 

 descendants of Timur, survived until our own times. The 

 Horses of these people are much superior in strength and 

 stature to those of the Kalmuks, manifesting the influence 

 of a more genial climate on the development of the animal 

 form. 



Northward of Independent and Chinese Tartary, are the 



