642 THE DUG. 



domesticated race ; and it is believed, that, when shepherds 

 have crossed their dogs with wolves, one of their purposes 

 has been to give vigour and courage to their sheep-dogs. 

 But a fact even more conclusive, if possible, than the union of 

 wolves and dogs in the domesticated state, is, that they unite 

 together in the state of freedom. In the expedition of Cap- 

 tain Parry to the circumpolar seas, a she-wolf, at the period 

 of heat in these latitudes, paid almost daily visits to the 

 neighbourhood of the ships, and continued to do so until she 

 was joined by a setter dog belonging to one of the officers. 

 " They were usually together," says Captain Sabine, " from 

 two to three hours ; and, as they did not go far away, unless 

 an endeavour was made to approach them, repeated and de- 

 cided evidence was obtained of the purpose for which they 

 were thus associated."* 



The difference between the aspect and form of the Wolf 

 and of the Dog, is the greater strength of shoulder of the 

 unreclaimed animal, his stouter limbs, his longer claws, his 

 stronger teeth, the greater obliquity of his eye, and his coarser 

 fur, differences not greater in degree than have been pro- 

 duced in various other animals by domestication, as between 

 the Wild Hog and the reclaimed, the Wild Horse of Tartary 

 and the Hackney of England, the Wild Turkey and tame. 

 But, further, it is not with dogs of mixed race, as those of 

 Southern Europe and Western Asia, that we ought to com- 

 pare the Wolf, for the purpose of determining the differences 

 between him and the domesticated animals, but with those 

 dogs, if they can be obtained, in which no mixture of races 

 may be supposed to have taken place. Now this compari- 

 son we have the power of making, in the case of the dogs of 

 the Laplanders of Europe, of the Greenlanders, arid of the 

 Esquimaux of America. These dogs approach in so great a 

 degree, in their external characters, to the wolves of the 

 same latitudes, that often the eye alone cannot distinguish 



* Supplement to the Appendix to Captain Parry's First Voyage. 



