SPECIES AND VARIETIES. 691 



As the dog is grateful for benefits, so he sometimes shews 

 that he can remember wrongs. To a stranger who may have 

 cruelly used a dog that may come into his power, the animal 

 will frequently manifest, even to the close of life, an antipa- 

 thy or indifference which subsequent favours cannot over- 

 come. The devotedness of the dog to his immediate master 

 is generally so great, that he will submit to much harsh and 

 injurious treatment. He will seek to disarm resentment by 

 increased obedience, and, at the first kind word or mark of 

 confidence, seem to forget all that he has endured. Yet this 

 is not always the case, and often resentment lurks secretly 

 in the feelings of the animal, to be revealed when least ex- 

 pected. A fine Newfoundland dog, that had long been the 

 favourite of his master, and accompanied him in his walks, 

 was ordered by him to be tied by a collar and chain, in order 

 that he might watch an outhouse. The master, after an in- 

 terval, visited the captive, and was about to renew his ca- 

 resses, when the dog fiercely repulsed him. It may be be- 

 lieved that the animal knew or suspected the author of his 

 captivity. A dog ordered by his master to be put to death 

 for some trivial fault, looked upon him ever afterwards with 

 suspicion. Dogs, it is said, recognise habitual dog-stealers 

 in towns ; but however this be, it is certain that they know 

 the persons appointed to kill dogs found wandering in the 

 streets without masters, and manifest the kind of dislike to 

 them which a thrush or a jay exhibits towards a kite or a 

 sparrow-hawk. Dogs have been sometimes observed to ex- 

 tend their feelings of dislike of a dog that has injured them 

 to the owner of the dog, thus associating the acts of the mas- 

 ter with those of the servant. 



Dogs frequently manifest extreme jealousy of other ani- 

 mals, even of a different kind, when they see them receiving 

 the caresses to which they themselves have been used. This 

 is especially observed in the case of the little pampered lap- 

 dogs of ladies. If another lap-dog is brought amongst them, 

 they will snarl at him, persecute him, and even refuse their 



