706 THE DOG. 



form of the more common dogs is that of the Wolf. In the 

 northern parts of Norway and Sweden, the dogs have so 

 much of the external characters of wolves, that the portrait 

 of a peasant's dog might serve for that of a wolf of the 

 neighbouring woods. Dr Clark refers again and again to 

 this resemblance ; and every traveller who has visited the 

 north of Europe must have been rendered sensible of the 

 close affinity, or rather the absolute identity, of the wolves 

 and common dogs of the country. 



The kinds of dogs termed, in different parts of Europe, 

 Wolf-Dogs, from their being especially employed in the chase 

 of the wolf, are only in part to be referred to the present 

 group. Some of those of Spain, indeed, have so close an ana- 

 logy with the Pyrenean Wolf, that they must be regarded as 

 the same; but for the most part, the dogs termed Wolf-Dogs 

 are of mixed descent, and have a relation to the Vertragal 

 and Molossian types rather than to the Lyciscan, as the 

 old Irish Wolf-Dog, the Spanish Mastin, the French Matin, 

 and others. 



But more distinctly to be referred to the Lyciscan type, 

 are the common dogs of shepherds, to which the term Shep- 

 herd's Dog is, with us, more especially applied. Various 

 kinds of dogs, however, are employed in different countries 

 for the tending of flocks and herds. In some they approach 

 to the Mastiff type, as in the countries of the East, where 

 they are employed to protect the flocks, not only from wolves, 

 but from human enemies. In others they approach to the 

 characters of the common wolf, and are of sufficient strength 

 to encounter these enemies. Such are the Shepherd's Dogs 

 of the Pyrenees, which so much resemble the Black Wolves 

 of the same country, that they may be mistaken for them. 

 In Hungary, the common Shepherd r s Dogs so much resemble 

 wolves, that a recent traveller tells us, that the owner of 

 large estates in that country informed him, that he could not 

 distinguish the dogs of his own shepherds from the wolves of 

 the same locality ; and in other countries of the Danube the 



