158 THE GENESIS OF SPECIES. CHAP. 



CHAPTER VII. 



SPECIES AND SPACE. 



The Geographical Distribution of Animals presents Difficulties. These not insur- 

 mountable in themselves; harmonize with other Difficulties. Frosh- water 

 Fishes. Forms common to Africa and India ; to Africa and South America ;. 

 to China and Australia ; to North America and China ; to New Zealand and 

 South America; to South America and Tasmania; to South America and 

 Australia. Pleurodont Lizards. Insectivorous Mammals. Similarity of Euro- 

 pean and South American Frogs. Analogy between European Salmon and 

 Fishes of New Zealand, etc. An Ancient Antarctic Continent probable. 

 Other Modes of accounting for Facts of Distribution. Independent Origin of 

 Closely-similar Forms. Conclusion. 



THE study of the distribution of animals over the earth's 

 surface presents us with many facts having certain not 

 unimportant bearings on the question of specific origin. 

 Among these are instances which, at least at first sight, 

 appear to conflict with the Darwinian theory of " Natural 

 Selection." It is not, however, here contended that such 

 facts do by any means constitute by themselves obstacles 

 which cannot be got over. Indeed, it would be difficult to 

 imagine any obstacles of the kind which could not be sur- 

 mounted by an indefinite number of terrestrial modifica- 

 tions of surface submergences and emergences junctions 

 and separations of continents in all directions and combina- 

 tions of any desired degree of frequency. All this being 

 supplemented by the intercalation of armies of enemies, 

 multitudes of ancestors of all kinds, and myriads of con- 

 necting forms, whose raison d'etre may be simply their 

 utility or necessity for the support of the theory of " Natu- 

 ral Selection." 



