the Incas They stayed shackled with the land going 

 in large tracts, to the privileged tew, with education for 

 the sons and daughters only of those few privileged, 

 not for the masses Education was under the control 

 of the church The cultural transplant was made 

 before the social-political upheavals which took place 

 in Europe in the latter half of the 1500s, especially 

 from 1580 onward until the middle of the 1600s, 

 Whereas the heritage of what is today the United 

 States, the original colonies, came after that upheaval 

 and they came with an entirely different point of view. 

 They came to have a piece of land to cultivate, with 

 freedom to worship as they pleased, and education 

 for all of the sons and daughters. That made a tre- 

 mendous difference 



A few weeks ago 1 came across a book that I think 

 you would enjoy reading It is by Michael Novak, pub- 

 lished by Simon & Schuster press In it, he talks 

 about two conflicting points of view as to why Latin 

 America lagged behind after independence, and Latin 

 America obtained its independence only about 30 

 years after the 13 colonies obtained theirs but the 

 control of the land, the lack of education for the 

 masses and those who administered or were respon- 

 sible for the education — that didn't change. The 

 first country to change it was Mexico with the Bloody 

 Revolution in 1910-20. Then, they fell into the pitfall 

 of setting up a feudal system. The land was divided, 

 but it was done in a way that he who used it could 

 not own it, could not legally sell it, nor rent it. Conse- 

 quently it forced the system into one of small holdings, 

 for the most part They are still struggling with this 

 result. About 75 percent of the land now under agn- 

 culture in Mexico for the most part is in the feudal 

 system which is very difficult to manage The incen- 

 tives are not there, the investments in the land and its 

 improvement are not made because of this system. 

 The private farmers, such as we have here, are very 

 progressive, but I have seen them lose a great deal of 

 their land by invasions in the last six years. Some of 

 the best farmers I knew that I worked with for 38 

 years lost every square foot 



These problems are not solved, but I do not mean 

 to speak in a negative tone. I have worked with all 

 kinds of governments I have been well received in all 

 of the countries where I have worked — socialistic 

 governments, the so-called democracies, not in the 

 same context as we know them here, and political 

 dictatorships of either the right or the left, it doesn't 

 make any difference and you find the same flaws And 

 yet you have to try to do what you can to develop 

 technology that's viable and then to get to the political 



Gov Ted Schwinden. Montana, introduces panelist 



leaders so that they will implement this and in the 

 process, produce more food. The result then 

 becomes, for the time being, one of improving stan- 

 dards of living. 



You hope that education is catching up, but remem- 

 ber that this population monster affects both the abili- 

 ties of nations to educate the people, and 

 employment. 



Latin America today has the mineral rights that we 

 originally had and probably its agricultural capabilities 

 are greater than our own here. But they didn't 

 develop these resources. There was no creative stim- 

 ulation to develop the industry or develop these raw 

 materials, and they were inert, unused. The same way 

 with agriculture. 



The original populations in Latin America were big- 

 ger than here in our earlier colonial period. By 1940, 

 they were the same — about 130 million Today, Latin 

 America has about 366 million people, whereas we 

 have 225 million. The rapid growth of Latin America 

 overwhelms the school systems, the ability to provide 

 employment There is growing unemployment and you 

 see many non-documented migratory workers. It is a 

 problem of this inability to cope with this demographic 

 explosion Please don't misunderstand me, the Gov- 

 ernment of Mexico is very aware of this and has 

 made a tremendous effort to try to develop industries 

 to absorb as much of this population as possible. 

 They are, at the present time, carrying on one of the 

 most effective programs in demographic education 

 But the backlog of young people is so great that it will 

 be 20-30 years before the pressures are lessened so 

 that they can cope with them. And we have to try to 

 increase food production in the meantime. We have 

 seen a big change in the case of wheat. It went from 



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