2551 



FORKLIFT-TRUCK MODIFICATION TO REDUCE 



DAMAGE 2643 



OTHER REFERENCES 2644 



22-8 CRATES AND CONTAINERS 2644 



CRATES 2645 



BOXES 2645 



Odor and taste imparted to food by wood boxes 2645 



TIGHT COOPERAGE 2647 



VENEER CONTAINERS 2647 



Veneer baskets 2647 



Veneer crates 2648 



Paper-overlayed veneer 2648 



22-9 DECORATIVE VENEER AND PLYWOOD 2649 



PREFINISHED HARDWOOD PLYWOOD 2651 



VENEER SPECIES CUT IN THE SOUTH 2651 



SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN USING PINE-SITE 



HARDWOODS 2652 



SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS 2654 



Decorative plywood 2654 



Block flooring 2655 



Stock panels 2656 



Wood flush doors 2657 



LINEAR EXPANSION OF VENEERED FURNITURE 



PANELS 2658 



SURFACE CHECKING IN VENEERED FURNITURE 



PANELS 2659 



22-10 STRUCTURAL WOOD 2659 



TIMBERS VS. LUMBER FROM LOW-GRADE LOGS 2660 



CROSSTIES 2664 



Annual production 2665 



Species 2665 



Sizes and specifications 2665 



Ballast for crossties 2666 



Tie spacing 2666 



Methods to secure rail to crosstie 2668 



Crosstie life 2669 



Reasons for crosstie failure 2669 



Crosstie initial cost 2672 



Annual cost per mile of mainline track 2674 



Dowel-laminated wood crossties 2674 



Crossties from parallel-laminated veneer 2674 



Recycled crossties 2675 



Crosstie manufacture 2675 



