2634 



Chapter 22 



Table 22-15 — Forces to pull nailheads and staples through deckboards and to withdraw 

 nail shanks and staple legs from stringers of 22 pine-site hardwoods (Data from E. G. 



Stem 1976)^ 



Nails^ Staples^ 



Head Shank Crown Leg 



pull-through withdrawal pull-through withdrawal 



Species resistance resistance"^ resistance resistance^ 



-Pounds 



Ash, green 1,298 1,124 739 191 



Ash, white 1 ,215 1 ,099 708 173 



Elm, American 986 1 ,082 585 204 



Elm, winged 1,407 1,369 811 191 



Hackberry 1 ,053 1 ,087 545 120 



Hickory, mockemut 1,311 1,437 690 190 



Maple, red 1 ,092 1 ,340 773 105 



Oak, black 1,407 1,420 715 296 



Oak, blackjack 1,098 1,123 570 227 



Oak, cherrybark 1 ,207 1 ,096 627 374 



Oak, laurel 1,091 1,103 582 497 



Oak, northern red 1 ,085 1 ,522 609 538 



Oak, post 1,261 1,317 543 226 



Oak, scarlet 1,198 1,477 521 311 



Oak, Shumard 1,248 1,311 683 494 



Oak, southern red 1 ,083 1 ,222 553 280 



Oak, water 1,274 1,316 625 271 



Oak, white 1 ,235 1 ,482 624 286 



Sweetbay 845 998 463 160 



Sweetgum 820 877 513 188 



Tupelo, black 922 923 575 175 



Yellow-poplar 704 628 456 152 



Average 1,129 1,198 614 257 



'Joints were assembled from green lumber and equilibrated to 10 or 12 percent moisture content 

 before static test; each value is the average of about 12 joints. In 57 percent of the nail tests, and 24 

 percent of the staple tests, the fasteners failed before pull-through or withdrawal. 



^The hardened-steel pallet nails were 3 inches long by 0. 120 inch, pointless, helically-threaded, 

 with thin-rimmed umbrella head about 5/16-inch in diameter. The four flutes had a thread angle of 63 

 degrees. 



■^The staples were plastic-polymer-coated 2-'/2-inch-long, 15-gage, galvanized staples with 7/16- 

 inch-wide crown and short symmetrical chisel points driven so that crowns made a 45-degree angle 

 with deckboard grain. 



"^Nail penetration into the stringer was 2-3/16 inches. 



^Staple penetration into the stringer was 1-11/16 inches; withdrawal force given is for both legs. 



