2664 Chapter 22 



Table 22- 1 8 — Percent of mill-run hardwood logs of three species suitable for the produc- 

 tion of full-length 6- by 8-inch and 7- by 9-inch timbers, by scaling diameter (Data from 



Church and Garrett 1970)i 



,.^^ °^ Red oak White oak Hickory 

 diameter ^— 



(inches) 6x8 7x9 6x8 7x9 6x8 7x9 



Percent of logs 



8 — — 



10 8 31 37 3 



12 70 38 78 32 81 33 



14 77 75 80 77 82 77 



16 84 84 77 77 72 72 



18 84 84 70 70 73 73 



20 81 81 75 75 71 71 



22 80 80 — — 



24 75 75 25 25 — — 



All diameters 71 62 72 56 75 52 



'Based on measurements of more than 1 , 100 Appalachian hardwood logs (including sugar maple, 

 data for which are not shown), collected at three sawmills. 



CROSSTIES 



The manufacture of railroad crossties is an important segment of the eastern 

 hardwood industry. Crossties account for 11 to 14 percent of the 7.5 billion 

 board feet of hardwoods cut annually (table 22-19), using low-grade wood that is 

 difficult to sell in other markets. Untreated 7- by 9-inch crossties usually sell at 

 about two- thirds to three-fourths the price per board foot of No. 2 Common oak 

 sp. in the South (Reynolds 1977). Only once between 1960 and 1980 did the 

 price for crossties exceed that of No. 2 Common, and that only briefly during 

 1975 (fig. 29-45). 



Table 22-19 — Proportions of all sawn hardwood in the United States^ according to end 

 use (Data from Reynolds 1977) 



Year 

 End use 



Furniture 



Pallets 



Containers and boxes 



Crossties 



Flooring 



Laminated decking . . 

 Other 



100 100 100 



'Hardwood volume sawn in the United States totaled about 7 billion board feet, lumber scale, in 



1973 (fig. 29-15B). 

 ^Included with pallets. 



