Chapter 22 



M 149 202 

 Figure 22-57. — (Top) Typical tie plate measuring 7 by 9 inches under 120-pound rail 

 secured by spikes. The assembly is undergoing tests in a wear machine in which grit 

 and water are dripped onto the rail section. It is usual to drive only two spikes on each 

 side off the rail, even though each side of the tie plate has four perforations. (Bottom) 

 Tie plate being spiked to an experimental 7- by 9-inch crosstie laminated from thick- 

 sliced hardwood veneer. (Photo from files related to work of Tschernitz et al. 1979, 

 courtesy of Koppers Company.) 



