3158 Chapter 26 



In this text, chapter 28 contains economic analyses of eight enterprises for 

 conversion of pine-site hardwoods into energy-related products, as follows: 



Section Capital investment and enterprise 



28-1 $13,000. — Cost of owning and operating a 65-hp (drawbar) diesel tractor on 



wood gas. 



28-5 $292,550. — Small-scale production of ethanol and furfural. 



28-6 $350,000. — Wood gasifier retrofitted to existing gas/oil-fired boiler. 



28-7 $336,838. — Modification of conventional harvesting systems to recover 



forest residue in bales. 



28-9 $603,000 to $975,00.— Chip harvesting by three systems. 



28-10 $700,000. — Manufacture of charcoal, oil, and gas with a portable pyrolysis 



plant. 

 28-20 $4.5 to $13.0 million. — Charcoal and fuel gas production with a Herreshoff 



carbonizer. 

 28-33 $93.6 million. — Production of ethanol, furfural, and lignin products by 



hydrolysis. 



26-2 THE RAW MATERIAL 

 THE RESOURCE 



In chapter 2, it was noted that the total hardwood resource of the South 

 recently was estimated at 1 13.7 billion ft"* which amounts to 2,051 million tons 

 of ovendry wood and bark. This resource spread over 12 states, can be divided 

 into that on southern pine sites and that on hardwood sites. Christopher et al. 

 (1976) found that hardwoods on pine sites total about 49.2 billion fr^ of wood 

 (888 million tons of wood and bark, ovendry) or 43 percent of total hardwood 

 inventory (from summation of tables 2-7 through 2-18). 



The inventoried hardwoods (table 26-2) are only about one-half of the total 

 hardwood biomass (excluding foliage) grown on these sites; the other half is in 

 roots, stumps, and branches of inventoried stems and in trees smaller than 5 

 inches d.b.h. 



Oaks comprise 47 percent of the 12-state inventoried volume of hardwoods 

 on pine sites. Sweetgum and white oak are the leading species, each with an 

 inventory of more than 6 billion ft-^. The hickories, third in abundance, are 

 widespread. The five most abundant pine site hardwoods, sweetgum, white oak, 

 hickory, southern red oak, and post oak, and the seventh, black tupelo, are well 

 respresented in all 12 states. Yellow-poplar, scarlet oak, and chestnut oak are 

 scarce or absent west of the Mississippi and in Florida. Black oak is plentiful 

 except in Florida, Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma. Among other species 

 making up 2 percent or more of the hardwood on pine sites, red maple is well 

 distributed except in Oklahoma, water oak is scarce only in Tennessee and 

 Oklahoma, and northern red oak is scarce in the Gulf states. 



