Energy, fuels, and chemicals 31 j!? 



Table 26-2. — Species volume on pine sites in the 12 southern states^ 



Species 



Volume 



Proportion of 



pine site 



hadwood volume 



Sweetgum 



Oak, white 



Hickory, spp 



Oak, southern red 



Oak, post 



Yellow-poplar 



Tupelo, black 



Oak, water 



Oak, chestnut 



Oak, black 



Oak, scarlet 



Maple, red 



Oak, northern red 



Oak, laurel 



Elm, spp 



Oak, cherrybark 



Ash, spp 



Sweetbay 



Oak, Shumard 



Hackberry, spp 



Other hardwoods 



Total hardwoods .... 

 'From tables 2-7 through 2-1! 



Carpenter (1980) estimated that from eastern and southern forests, 138 mil- 

 lion tons per year (ovendry- weight basis) of forest residues of all species could 

 be used for fuel if conditions and technology existed for their economic harvest. 

 About two-thirds of this forest residue is in the South, where it is about equally 

 divided between hardwoods and softwoods. Thus Carpenter's data indicate that 

 annually in the South, about 46 million dry tons of hardwood logging residue 

 and rough, rotten, and salvable dead trees from which products were not taken, 

 could possibly be used for fuel. 



Harvesting the hardwoods found where southern pines grow is difficult and 

 expensive as described in Chapter 16. Data on distribution of tree biomass 

 weight are provided in section 16-1 and information on quantities of logging 

 residues in section 16-2. Section 16-3 provides some information on tract size 

 and volume. For data on energy expended during harvesting, see section 16-4. 



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS 



49,236 



100.00 



To assess the energy potential of pine-site hardwoods, it is necessary to know 

 their specific gravity, moisture content, heat (energy) content, and chemical 

 makeup. 



